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<p>Lime is traditionally added in lump form to electric arc furnaces (EAF) to aid in foaming slag, but this method is inefficient for phosphorus removal due to slow melting rates. To address the aforementioned issues, a sheathed supersonic gas–solid jet nozzle was designed, and its core parameters were investigated for their influence on the gas–solid jet. This gun head design modifies both the traditional oxygen jet and the lime injection method. The high-speed circulating oxygen shielding the central powder stream delivers a powerful impact to the molten pool, creating favorable kinetic conditions for phosphorus removal. Key findings include (i) Throat injection increased central gas velocity by 24.4&#xa0;m/s and maximum particle velocity by 42.5&#xa0;m/s compared to nozzle-outlet injection. A 10-mm throat length improved velocity by 18.7 and 35.8&#xa0;m/s over a 5-mm throat, with diminishing returns observed beyond 10 mm. (ii) Nozzle-outlet injection or throat lengths below 10 mm hindered jet development, impairing Mach zone formation. (iii) Identified the “momentum coupling-temperature exchange” mechanism at the interface of supersonic gas–solid jets, where momentum and temperature alternately dominate during jet flow. (iv) Injection position influences particle acceleration, while throat length determines supersonic flow stability. For industrial applications, injection position 2 (at the throat) and a throat length of 10 mm are recommended as optimal. It is recommended to adopt a throat injection process with a throat length of 10&#xa0;mm to achieve efficient low-slag dephosphorization in electric arc furnace operations.</p>

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Study on the Influence of Key Parameters on the Jet Characteristics of Supersonic O2–CaO Mixed Injection for Coiled Oxygen Lance in EAF

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Ceng Li,
  • Guangsheng Wei,
  • Chao Feng,
  • Botao Xue

摘要

Lime is traditionally added in lump form to electric arc furnaces (EAF) to aid in foaming slag, but this method is inefficient for phosphorus removal due to slow melting rates. To address the aforementioned issues, a sheathed supersonic gas–solid jet nozzle was designed, and its core parameters were investigated for their influence on the gas–solid jet. This gun head design modifies both the traditional oxygen jet and the lime injection method. The high-speed circulating oxygen shielding the central powder stream delivers a powerful impact to the molten pool, creating favorable kinetic conditions for phosphorus removal. Key findings include (i) Throat injection increased central gas velocity by 24.4 m/s and maximum particle velocity by 42.5 m/s compared to nozzle-outlet injection. A 10-mm throat length improved velocity by 18.7 and 35.8 m/s over a 5-mm throat, with diminishing returns observed beyond 10 mm. (ii) Nozzle-outlet injection or throat lengths below 10 mm hindered jet development, impairing Mach zone formation. (iii) Identified the “momentum coupling-temperature exchange” mechanism at the interface of supersonic gas–solid jets, where momentum and temperature alternately dominate during jet flow. (iv) Injection position influences particle acceleration, while throat length determines supersonic flow stability. For industrial applications, injection position 2 (at the throat) and a throat length of 10 mm are recommended as optimal. It is recommended to adopt a throat injection process with a throat length of 10 mm to achieve efficient low-slag dephosphorization in electric arc furnace operations.