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<p>Swirling gas injection is considered an effective method to improve circulation flow and gas-liquid interaction in RH vacuum refining. However, the effects of some process parameters, including vacuum degree, gas flow rate, and nozzle number, on the performance of the swirling gas injection are not yet fully understood. In this study, water model experiments were conducted using a 1:4.8-scale plexiglass model of an 80-ton RH furnace. The influences of vacuum degree (represented by a liquid level ranging from 30 to 60&#xa0;mm), gas flow rate (15 to 30&#xa0;L/min), and nozzle number (8, 12, and 16) on the circulation flow rate, internal flow field, liquid level fluctuation, and decarburization behavior were investigated. Results show that the swirling gas injection increased the circulation flow rate and reduced the surface fluctuation, compared to the conventional radial injection method. This improvement was particularly noticeable under a moderate vacuum degree (liquid level height of 40&#xa0;mm) and gas flow rate (19&#xa0;L/min) condition. Among all configurations, the 12-nozzle scheme with a 20&#xa0;deg deflection angle achieved the best performance, with an approximately 33.06&#xa0;pct increase in circulation flow rate, a 29.29&#xa0;pct reduction in average mixing time, and a 12.80&#xa0;pct decrease in decarburization time, compared to the conventional 8-nozzle scheme with a 0&#xa0;deg deflection angle. In contrast, an excessive nozzle number (16 nozzles) or a high vacuum degree (liquid level height &gt; 40&#xa0;mm) was found to disrupt the swirling flow structure and to reduce the refining efficiency.</p>

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Effects of Nozzle Parameters and Vacuum Degree on Flow Characteristics and RH Refining Efficiency

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Tianyang Wang,
  • Peiyuan Ni,
  • Chao Chen,
  • Ying Li

摘要

Swirling gas injection is considered an effective method to improve circulation flow and gas-liquid interaction in RH vacuum refining. However, the effects of some process parameters, including vacuum degree, gas flow rate, and nozzle number, on the performance of the swirling gas injection are not yet fully understood. In this study, water model experiments were conducted using a 1:4.8-scale plexiglass model of an 80-ton RH furnace. The influences of vacuum degree (represented by a liquid level ranging from 30 to 60 mm), gas flow rate (15 to 30 L/min), and nozzle number (8, 12, and 16) on the circulation flow rate, internal flow field, liquid level fluctuation, and decarburization behavior were investigated. Results show that the swirling gas injection increased the circulation flow rate and reduced the surface fluctuation, compared to the conventional radial injection method. This improvement was particularly noticeable under a moderate vacuum degree (liquid level height of 40 mm) and gas flow rate (19 L/min) condition. Among all configurations, the 12-nozzle scheme with a 20 deg deflection angle achieved the best performance, with an approximately 33.06 pct increase in circulation flow rate, a 29.29 pct reduction in average mixing time, and a 12.80 pct decrease in decarburization time, compared to the conventional 8-nozzle scheme with a 0 deg deflection angle. In contrast, an excessive nozzle number (16 nozzles) or a high vacuum degree (liquid level height > 40 mm) was found to disrupt the swirling flow structure and to reduce the refining efficiency.