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<p>In order to facilitate the green transformation of the steel industry and reach carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets, this study focuses on the issue of temperature drop in the molten pool during high-scrap-ratio smelting. An innovative 500-kg pilot-scale experimental platform has been set up to systematically investigate the optimisation of parameters for bottom-injection carbon-based heat compensation technology. Through orthogonal experiments optimizing the top oxygen-blowing parameters, and by comparing pure bottom-blown with combined top-and-bottom blowing modes, this study quantitatively evaluated the coupled effects of injection parameters, carbon-based material types, and secondary combustion thermal efficiency on the molten pool temperature increase for the first time. Key findings include that positioning the top oxygen lance at 20&#xa0;cm, with a flow rate of 800&#xa0;NL/min and an inner diameter of 10&#xa0;mm, could increase the secondary combustion rate to 24.3 pct. Increasing the powder feed rate from 0.5 to 2.5&#xa0;kg/min reduces the carrier gas temperature drop by up to 80 pct, whereas adjusting the carrier gas flow rate has a limited effect. In the combined top-and-bottom blowing mode, the heat compensation efficiency of graphite is 73.60 pct, which is 9.21 pct higher than that of biochar. Furthermore, the secondary combustion thermal efficiency achieved by the top oxygen lance was 72 to 73 pct. Effectively strengthening secondary combustion significantly improves the heat utilization efficiency of carbonaceous materials. This research provides precise control schemes for the parameters of carbon-based heat compensation processes in high-scrap-ratio smelting, offering significant practical value in reducing carbon emissions in the steel industry.</p>

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Effects of Injection Parameters on Temperature Drop and Heat Compensation Efficiency during Bottom Injection of Carbonaceous Materials in High-Scrap-Ratio Trials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Zhiyong Liu,
  • Xin Ren,
  • Ruimin Zhao,
  • Bin Tong,
  • Mingwei Tu,
  • Kai Dong,
  • Rong Zhu,
  • Guangsheng Wei

摘要

In order to facilitate the green transformation of the steel industry and reach carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets, this study focuses on the issue of temperature drop in the molten pool during high-scrap-ratio smelting. An innovative 500-kg pilot-scale experimental platform has been set up to systematically investigate the optimisation of parameters for bottom-injection carbon-based heat compensation technology. Through orthogonal experiments optimizing the top oxygen-blowing parameters, and by comparing pure bottom-blown with combined top-and-bottom blowing modes, this study quantitatively evaluated the coupled effects of injection parameters, carbon-based material types, and secondary combustion thermal efficiency on the molten pool temperature increase for the first time. Key findings include that positioning the top oxygen lance at 20 cm, with a flow rate of 800 NL/min and an inner diameter of 10 mm, could increase the secondary combustion rate to 24.3 pct. Increasing the powder feed rate from 0.5 to 2.5 kg/min reduces the carrier gas temperature drop by up to 80 pct, whereas adjusting the carrier gas flow rate has a limited effect. In the combined top-and-bottom blowing mode, the heat compensation efficiency of graphite is 73.60 pct, which is 9.21 pct higher than that of biochar. Furthermore, the secondary combustion thermal efficiency achieved by the top oxygen lance was 72 to 73 pct. Effectively strengthening secondary combustion significantly improves the heat utilization efficiency of carbonaceous materials. This research provides precise control schemes for the parameters of carbon-based heat compensation processes in high-scrap-ratio smelting, offering significant practical value in reducing carbon emissions in the steel industry.