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<p>This study synthesized mold fluxes in the CaO–SiO<sub>2</sub>–CaF<sub>2</sub>–MgO–SrO system to clarify how the SrO/CaO ratio affects viscosity and crystallization under static and rotating conditions (11.8&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup>). The primary objective was to identify conditions that favor the formation of fluoride-free primary crystalline phases. The viscosity showed a non-monotonic dependence on the SrO/CaO ratio: it increased up to SrO/CaO&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.18 and then decreased at higher SrO contents. <i>In situ</i> capacitance measurements further revealed that crystallization during cooling was influenced by shear. In addition, increasing SiO<sub>2</sub> and varying SrO/CaO altered the primary phase in some compositions, shifting from cuspidine to akermanite. These changes in viscosity and the primary phase are attributed to Sr<sup>2+</sup>'s stronger affinity for F<sup>−</sup> than Ca<sup>2+</sup>. Depending on composition and temperature, rotation either promoted or suppressed crystallization. Highly viscous melts—especially SrO-free compositions—tended to crystallize less readily, and the magnitude of this effect depended on composition. Overall, the present results provide insight into the structural and kinetic factors governing viscosity and crystallization in fluoride-reduced mold fluxes.</p>

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Viscosity and Crystallization Behavior in CaO–SiO2–CaF2–RO (R = Mg, Ca, Sr) Systems With and Without Rotation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Kento Nakanishi,
  • Shunya Ono,
  • Mariko Ando,
  • Sohei Sukenaga,
  • Kunihiko Nakashima,
  • Sho Nakano,
  • Kazuaki Mishima,
  • Takehiro Sumita,
  • Noritaka Saito

摘要

This study synthesized mold fluxes in the CaO–SiO2–CaF2–MgO–SrO system to clarify how the SrO/CaO ratio affects viscosity and crystallization under static and rotating conditions (11.8 s−1). The primary objective was to identify conditions that favor the formation of fluoride-free primary crystalline phases. The viscosity showed a non-monotonic dependence on the SrO/CaO ratio: it increased up to SrO/CaO = 0.18 and then decreased at higher SrO contents. In situ capacitance measurements further revealed that crystallization during cooling was influenced by shear. In addition, increasing SiO2 and varying SrO/CaO altered the primary phase in some compositions, shifting from cuspidine to akermanite. These changes in viscosity and the primary phase are attributed to Sr2+'s stronger affinity for F− than Ca2+. Depending on composition and temperature, rotation either promoted or suppressed crystallization. Highly viscous melts—especially SrO-free compositions—tended to crystallize less readily, and the magnitude of this effect depended on composition. Overall, the present results provide insight into the structural and kinetic factors governing viscosity and crystallization in fluoride-reduced mold fluxes.