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<p>Understanding the slag foaming phenomenon in electric arc furnace steelmaking is important for reliable process operation and safety. In this work, a novel, well performing, method was developed to simulate the injection of carbon into the slag and measure the foam height in real time using a laser light source and camera-based visualization system. The suitability of different types of bio-based carbonaceous materials as slag foaming agents was investigated through laboratory-scale slag foaming experiments. Additionally, the effect of slag basicity on the foaming phenomenon was studied by using slags with basicity (<i>B</i><sub>2</sub> = pct CaO/pct SiO<sub>2</sub>) values of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0. The fixed carbon content of the carbonaceous material was found to be an important factor in its performance as a foaming agent. A biochar with a high fixed carbon content (81.35 wt pct) performed similarly to fossil coke dust, which was used as a reference material. The foamability of the slag improved as the basicity increased, due to the increased presence of solid second-phase particles that raise the slag’s effective viscosity. Moreover, basicity was found to more strongly affect slag foaming with biochar compared to coke dust. Increasing the biochar volatile matter content generally reduced the slag foam height.</p>

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Biochar as a Slag Foaming Agent in Simulated EAF Conditions: Effect of Fixed-C Content of Biochar and Basicity of Slag

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Saku Rytky,
  • Eetu Hoikkaniemi,
  • Aki Koskela,
  • Petri Sulasalmi,
  • Timo Fabritius,
  • Ville-Valtteri Visuri

摘要

Understanding the slag foaming phenomenon in electric arc furnace steelmaking is important for reliable process operation and safety. In this work, a novel, well performing, method was developed to simulate the injection of carbon into the slag and measure the foam height in real time using a laser light source and camera-based visualization system. The suitability of different types of bio-based carbonaceous materials as slag foaming agents was investigated through laboratory-scale slag foaming experiments. Additionally, the effect of slag basicity on the foaming phenomenon was studied by using slags with basicity (B2 = pct CaO/pct SiO2) values of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0. The fixed carbon content of the carbonaceous material was found to be an important factor in its performance as a foaming agent. A biochar with a high fixed carbon content (81.35 wt pct) performed similarly to fossil coke dust, which was used as a reference material. The foamability of the slag improved as the basicity increased, due to the increased presence of solid second-phase particles that raise the slag’s effective viscosity. Moreover, basicity was found to more strongly affect slag foaming with biochar compared to coke dust. Increasing the biochar volatile matter content generally reduced the slag foam height.