<p>The fluid flow of molten steel and the entrainment characteristics of air and slag phases in steel ladles during tapping process were numerically investigated. The results showed that molten steel injected from the ladle top reached the bottom in less than 1 second, spread to the sidewalls, and fully covered the bottom at 20 seconds. In the initial filling stage, the molten steel stream velocity increased downward, reaching approximately 9 m/s when hitting the bottom; as the molten steel level rose, the stream no longer reached the bottom, with its maximum velocity decreasing and position shifting. At tapping ceased, the maximum velocity dropped to approximately 4 m/s. By 10 seconds after tapping stopped, overall steel velocity decayed rapidly to less than 0.3 m/s. Regarding air and slag entrainment, their entrained volumes decreased with the rising molten steel level but increased with inlet velocity, showing fluctuations due to the dynamic movement of bubbles and droplets. Both air and slag impact depths increased with the molten steel level and inlet velocity, and a higher inlet velocity reduced the fluctuation range of impact depth due to uniform turbulence.</p>