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<p>The inflow of ladle filling sand into the tundish during ladle change operations deteriorates steel cleanliness. In this work, a numerical model is built to study the flow of molten steel, the fluctuation of the steel-slag interface, and the migration and removal of ladle filler sand during the unsteady-state casting of ladle change. The results indicate that, after the ladle is poured, molten steel impinges into the turbulence inhibitor (TI) and generates an upward reflux, which causes significant fluctuations at the steel-slag interface. The mean velocity at the interface decreases from 0.02 to 0.01&#xa0;m/s within 8&#xa0;seconds after the initiation of steel feeding. During the tundish filling process, the ladle filler sand with a size greater than 0.35&#xa0;mm was completely removed, while the smaller size of ladle filler sand flows into the mold and contaminates the molten steel. At the end of the tundish filling process, 80&#xa0;pct of the ladle filler sand with the size of 0.2&#xa0;mm is removed, while the removal rate of the ladle filler sand with a particle size of 0.02&#xa0;mm is only 64.4&#xa0;pct. In the tundish, the removal rate of ladle filler sand in the impact zone is significantly greater than that in the weir-dam zone and the outlet zone. As the particle size increases, the removal rate in the impact zone monotonically increases, whereas it initially increases and then decreases in the weir-dam zone, and it shows a decreasing trend in the outlet zone.</p>

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Numerical Simulation of Molten Steel Flow and Ladle Filler Sand Removal in Tundish During Ladle Changeover Process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • Zhi Gao,
  • Ji Yang,
  • Ximin Zang,
  • Xiaolei Zhu,
  • Jie Yang,
  • Chunlin Peng,
  • Lingzhong Kong

摘要

The inflow of ladle filling sand into the tundish during ladle change operations deteriorates steel cleanliness. In this work, a numerical model is built to study the flow of molten steel, the fluctuation of the steel-slag interface, and the migration and removal of ladle filler sand during the unsteady-state casting of ladle change. The results indicate that, after the ladle is poured, molten steel impinges into the turbulence inhibitor (TI) and generates an upward reflux, which causes significant fluctuations at the steel-slag interface. The mean velocity at the interface decreases from 0.02 to 0.01 m/s within 8 seconds after the initiation of steel feeding. During the tundish filling process, the ladle filler sand with a size greater than 0.35 mm was completely removed, while the smaller size of ladle filler sand flows into the mold and contaminates the molten steel. At the end of the tundish filling process, 80 pct of the ladle filler sand with the size of 0.2 mm is removed, while the removal rate of the ladle filler sand with a particle size of 0.02 mm is only 64.4 pct. In the tundish, the removal rate of ladle filler sand in the impact zone is significantly greater than that in the weir-dam zone and the outlet zone. As the particle size increases, the removal rate in the impact zone monotonically increases, whereas it initially increases and then decreases in the weir-dam zone, and it shows a decreasing trend in the outlet zone.