<p>The performance of low-alloy wear-resistant steel is closely related to the compositions and morphology of inclusions. In this paper, the evolution law of inclusions in Ce–Ca combined treatment of low-alloy wear-resistant steels under 0.03 pct Ce addition was studied. Results indicate that without Ca treatment, Ce mainly reacts with Al₂O₃ after addition to form CeAlO₃ and CeAlO₃+Ce₂O₂S inclusions. The Ca treatment before the Ce treatment was found to decrease CeAlO₃ formation and enhance Ce₂O₂S production by expediting the removal of Al deoxygenation product, thus enhancing Ce treatment efficiency. With the Ca treatment after the Ce treatment, CeAlO₃ was modified to CaO–Al₂O₃–Ce₂O₃ directly, while Ce₂O₂S was modified in the sequence of Ce₂O₂S→CeAlO₃→CaO–Al₂O₃–Ce₂O₃. The compositions and micromorphologies of the inclusions show that CaO-Al₂O₃–Ce₂O₃ modified from CeAlO₃ is still a solid state, meaning that it is not helpful to solve the potential nozzle clogging problem caused by Ce inclusions, while the CaO–Al₂O₃–Ce₂O₃ formed by Ce₂O₂S modification contains part of the liquid phase. The distribution of inclusions shows that carrying out Ca treatment before Ce treatment can significantly improve the cleanliness of the liquid steel, whereas Ca treatment after Ce treatment may cause the increase of inclusions in the steel. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the control of inclusions in low-alloy wear-resistant steels in Ce–Ca combined treatment.</p>