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<p>This study systematically investigated the micro-bonding mechanisms and microstructural evolution of WC–Co (5 wt pct) coatings on stainless steel substrates using a light-gas gun to simulate explosive compaction-welding. Four groups of high-density coatings were successfully fabricated by precisely controlling the impact velocity. Analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and Vickers hardness testing revealed that coating densification resulted from the synergistic effects of multiple mechanisms, including particle plastic deformation, friction welding, liquid-phase sintering, and jet penetration, with liquid-phase sintering being the dominant bonding mechanism. High-speed impact significantly enhanced interfacial melting. Significant grain refinement, along with phase transitions from <i>α</i>-Co to <i>γ</i>-Co and <i>γ</i>-Fe to <i>α</i>-Fe, were identified within high-strain regions near particle and powder-substrate interfaces. The interfacial temperature reached the recrystallization temperature of WC, confirming a strong thermo-mechanical coupling effect under dynamic loading. Hardness measurements indicated that the stainless steel near the interface exhibited greater hardness than in regions farther away. The hardness of the WC–Co coating in areas undergoing liquid-phase sintering varied with the degree of melting. This research elucidates the key mechanisms enabling three-dimensional bonding of WC–Co coatings under light-gas gun loading, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing the explosive compaction welding process for large-scale metal matrix coatings.</p>

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Study on Explosive Compaction Welding Mechanism Using Light-Gas Gun

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月24日

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  • Zhongshu Liu,
  • Guichun Zhu,
  • Xiangyu Zeng,
  • Jiawen Huang,
  • Guofeng Liang,
  • Xiang Chen,
  • Jianian Hu

摘要

This study systematically investigated the micro-bonding mechanisms and microstructural evolution of WC–Co (5 wt pct) coatings on stainless steel substrates using a light-gas gun to simulate explosive compaction-welding. Four groups of high-density coatings were successfully fabricated by precisely controlling the impact velocity. Analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and Vickers hardness testing revealed that coating densification resulted from the synergistic effects of multiple mechanisms, including particle plastic deformation, friction welding, liquid-phase sintering, and jet penetration, with liquid-phase sintering being the dominant bonding mechanism. High-speed impact significantly enhanced interfacial melting. Significant grain refinement, along with phase transitions from α-Co to γ-Co and γ-Fe to α-Fe, were identified within high-strain regions near particle and powder-substrate interfaces. The interfacial temperature reached the recrystallization temperature of WC, confirming a strong thermo-mechanical coupling effect under dynamic loading. Hardness measurements indicated that the stainless steel near the interface exhibited greater hardness than in regions farther away. The hardness of the WC–Co coating in areas undergoing liquid-phase sintering varied with the degree of melting. This research elucidates the key mechanisms enabling three-dimensional bonding of WC–Co coatings under light-gas gun loading, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing the explosive compaction welding process for large-scale metal matrix coatings.