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<p>This study employs dual-wire arc additive manufacturing to fabricate Inconel 625 (IN625)/TC4 functionally graded materials (FGMs) with thin-wall structure, investigating the effect of compositional gradient transitions on the microstructure, phase, hardness, and tensile properties of the FGMs. Gradient transitions effectively reduce internal stress, minimize the types and amounts of compounds, and significantly enhance tensile performance. The phase evolves progressively from the IN625 to the TC4 side, following the sequence: <i>γ</i>-Ni+Laves→<i>γ</i>-Ni+(<i>γ</i>-Ni+TiNi<sub>3</sub>)+(Cr, Mo)→TiNi+TiNi<sub>3</sub>+(Cr, Mo)→TiNi+TiNi<sub>3</sub>→TiNi+(TiNi+TiNi<sub>3</sub>)+Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni+(Cr, Mo)→<i>β</i>-Ti+Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni→<i>β</i>-Ti+(<i>β</i>-Ti+Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni)+<i>α</i>-Ti→<i>β</i>-Ti+<i>α</i>-Ti. The Vickers hardness of the FGM initially increases and then decreases, with the highest value around a TC4 content of approximately 40&#xa0;pct, due to increased content of TiNi<sub>3</sub> phase and precipitation of (Cr, Mo) phases. The average tensile strength reaches 147&#xa0;MPa, representing a 170&#xa0;pct improvement over directly transitioned FGM samples, and brittle fracture characteristics are observed. Fracture occurs at the first deposit layer of 100&#xa0;pct TC4, which is primarily composed of brittle Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni. These findings provide fundamentals for the improvement of FGMs.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Enhancing the Tensile Properties of Inconel 625/TC4 Functionally Graded Materials Prepared by Dual-Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing via Compositional Gradient

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月14日

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  • Liya Hao,
  • Wei Xu,
  • Xuan Liu,
  • Zhijiang Wang,
  • Ying Wang,
  • Hang He

摘要

This study employs dual-wire arc additive manufacturing to fabricate Inconel 625 (IN625)/TC4 functionally graded materials (FGMs) with thin-wall structure, investigating the effect of compositional gradient transitions on the microstructure, phase, hardness, and tensile properties of the FGMs. Gradient transitions effectively reduce internal stress, minimize the types and amounts of compounds, and significantly enhance tensile performance. The phase evolves progressively from the IN625 to the TC4 side, following the sequence: γ-Ni+Laves→γ-Ni+(γ-Ni+TiNi3)+(Cr, Mo)→TiNi+TiNi3+(Cr, Mo)→TiNi+TiNi3→TiNi+(TiNi+TiNi3)+Ti2Ni+(Cr, Mo)→β-Ti+Ti2Ni→β-Ti+(β-Ti+Ti2Ni)+α-Ti→β-Ti+α-Ti. The Vickers hardness of the FGM initially increases and then decreases, with the highest value around a TC4 content of approximately 40 pct, due to increased content of TiNi3 phase and precipitation of (Cr, Mo) phases. The average tensile strength reaches 147 MPa, representing a 170 pct improvement over directly transitioned FGM samples, and brittle fracture characteristics are observed. Fracture occurs at the first deposit layer of 100 pct TC4, which is primarily composed of brittle Ti2Ni. These findings provide fundamentals for the improvement of FGMs.

Graphical abstract