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<p>Rare earth (RE) modification is crucial for improving the quality of H13 tool steel during electroslag remelting. Utilizing slag-metal reactions with RE oxide-containing slag reduces the oxidation losses in conventional RE alloying during electroslag remelting. To study the impact of RE oxide content in slag on steel modification and inclusion formation, experiments were conducted in a laboratory high-frequency induction furnace at 1600&#xa0;°C using CaF<sub>2</sub>–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–(La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) slag with varying La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> contents (0–30 wt pct) and H13 steel. The modification effect was enhanced by adding Si–Ca alloy, which reduced the La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in the slag through Ca in the alloy. As La diffused, it reacted with Al and O in the steel, forming lanthanum aluminate inclusions with TiN precipitates. At 30 wt pct La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, the Ca and Al content sin inclusions decreased by over 80&#xa0;pct compared to ANF-6 slag. When La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content in the slag reached 30 wt pct, the La content in steel was about 0.15 pct, producing La–O–P (As) composite inclusions. Below 0.15&#xa0;wt pct La level, the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) exceeded that of ANF-6 refined steel. However, at 0.15&#xa0;wt pct La level, the SDAS dropped by about 7 pct. This phenomenon was attributed to the appearance of modified lanthanum aluminate inclusions, which acted as nucleation sites for carbides, refining and dispersing them. Meanwhile, the V content in carbides dropped by 23 pct. The experiments and thermodynamic analysis provided a deeper insight into the mechanism of rare earth modification of H13 tool steel and can be further refined for similar applications.</p>

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Effect of Rare Earth Oxide-Containing Slag on the Formation of Inclusions and Carbides in H13 Tool Steel: Analyses of Slag-Steel Reactions and Their Thermodynamics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月26日

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  • Haojie Wang,
  • Xuanqi Jiang,
  • Fangqin Dai,
  • Xijie Wang,
  • Guangqiang Li,
  • Qiang Wang,
  • Dandan Jiao

摘要

Rare earth (RE) modification is crucial for improving the quality of H13 tool steel during electroslag remelting. Utilizing slag-metal reactions with RE oxide-containing slag reduces the oxidation losses in conventional RE alloying during electroslag remelting. To study the impact of RE oxide content in slag on steel modification and inclusion formation, experiments were conducted in a laboratory high-frequency induction furnace at 1600 °C using CaF2–Al2O3–(La2O3) slag with varying La2O3 contents (0–30 wt pct) and H13 steel. The modification effect was enhanced by adding Si–Ca alloy, which reduced the La2O3 in the slag through Ca in the alloy. As La diffused, it reacted with Al and O in the steel, forming lanthanum aluminate inclusions with TiN precipitates. At 30 wt pct La2O3, the Ca and Al content sin inclusions decreased by over 80 pct compared to ANF-6 slag. When La2O3 content in the slag reached 30 wt pct, the La content in steel was about 0.15 pct, producing La–O–P (As) composite inclusions. Below 0.15 wt pct La level, the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) exceeded that of ANF-6 refined steel. However, at 0.15 wt pct La level, the SDAS dropped by about 7 pct. This phenomenon was attributed to the appearance of modified lanthanum aluminate inclusions, which acted as nucleation sites for carbides, refining and dispersing them. Meanwhile, the V content in carbides dropped by 23 pct. The experiments and thermodynamic analysis provided a deeper insight into the mechanism of rare earth modification of H13 tool steel and can be further refined for similar applications.