Study of Ti(C,N) Formations in TiO₂-Containing Slags

Ti(C,N) is commonly observed in vanadium titanomagnetite blast furnaces and greatly affects the stable and smooth operation of the smelting processes. To get fundamental insight into Ti(C, N) formation, systematic experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the composition of slags, temperatures, reaction time and reaction atmosphere on the formation of Ti(C,N) from TiO₂-containing slags. The results show that TiN and TiC contents increase with TiO₂ content increases. When TiO₂ is larger than 30 wt pct, TiN contents increase dramatically. Control of basicity, MgO and Al₂O₃ concentrations in the slag could help to reduce Ti(C,N) contents in slags. TiN and Ti(C,N) contents increase dramatically with the extension of time. TiN is more easily formed at high temperatures, and TiN contents increase with the increase of temperature. With the increase of N₂ contents, TiC contents are relatively stable, and TiN and Ti(C,N) contents increase almost linearly. H₂ would greatly promote the formation of TiC. This paper can provide a theoretical basis for minimizing the formation of Ti(C,N) in different blast furnace conditions.