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<p>The three-roll rotary piercing of lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) is challenging due to its narrow processing window and susceptibility to internal defects. This study establishes a coupled damage model to predict defect evolution and guide process parameter optimization. Hot compression and hot tensile tests are conducted to characterize the flow behavior. Optical microscopy observations reveal that void nucleation is closely associated with strain partitioning incompatibility between the soft ferrite and hard austenite phases. To predict this failure behavior, a Zener–Hollomon-parameter-dependent Normalized Cockcroft–Latham criterion (NCL-<i>Z</i>) is applied and calibrated for the tested LDSS. Numerical simulations of the rotary tube-piercing process further indicate that damage accumulation is highly dependent on rolling speed. The results identify 1100 °C and 120 rpm as a favorable simulation-based parameter combination within the investigated process range, under which the hazardous zone is reduced due to favorable thermomechanical coupling. These findings provide theoretical guidance for optimizing the piercing process of LDSS.</p>

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Defect Prediction and Process Parameter Optimization in Three-Roll Rotary Piercing of Mn–N-Alloyed Lean Duplex Stainless Steel Using a Coupled NCL-Z Damage Model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Shuo Wang,
  • Yongxin Wang,
  • Zihan Xing,
  • Yutao Guo,
  • Lei Chen,
  • Shiyan Zhao

摘要

The three-roll rotary piercing of lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) is challenging due to its narrow processing window and susceptibility to internal defects. This study establishes a coupled damage model to predict defect evolution and guide process parameter optimization. Hot compression and hot tensile tests are conducted to characterize the flow behavior. Optical microscopy observations reveal that void nucleation is closely associated with strain partitioning incompatibility between the soft ferrite and hard austenite phases. To predict this failure behavior, a Zener–Hollomon-parameter-dependent Normalized Cockcroft–Latham criterion (NCL-Z) is applied and calibrated for the tested LDSS. Numerical simulations of the rotary tube-piercing process further indicate that damage accumulation is highly dependent on rolling speed. The results identify 1100 °C and 120 rpm as a favorable simulation-based parameter combination within the investigated process range, under which the hazardous zone is reduced due to favorable thermomechanical coupling. These findings provide theoretical guidance for optimizing the piercing process of LDSS.