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<p><i>Β</i>-type titanium alloys are highly promising for medical implants, yet their clinical application is limited by surface bio-inertness and poor physiological corrosion stability. Herein, we propose a composite surface modification strategy combining laser cladding and anodic oxidation. Specifically, Ti–35Nb–xZr (<i>x</i> = 5, 10 wt pct) coatings were deposited onto a TC4 substrate, followed by the <i>in situ</i> fabrication of functionalized oxide films <i>via</i> anodization. The results demonstrate that anodization induced the formation of dense, uniform amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> films (415 and 523&#xa0;nm thick), significantly increasing surface roughness (<i>R</i><sub><i>a</i></sub>) from 224 to 562&#xa0;nm. Electrochemical analyses reveal that the corrosion current density of anodized Ti–35Nb–10Zr (10Zr–AO) decreased by approximately one order of magnitude to 7.473 × 10<sup>−8</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>, with a positive corrosion potential shift to − 0.117&#xa0;V. Furthermore, <i>in vitro</i> assays confirm that the synergy between increased roughness and the oxide layer significantly promoted cell adhesion and growth. After 120&#xa0;hours, the cell spreading area on anodized Ti–35Nb–5Zr (5Zr–AO) was 2.29 times that of bare TC4, demonstrating markedly enhanced long-term proliferation and viability. These findings underscore the substantial potential of the hybrid laser cladding and anodic oxidation strategy for biomedical applications.</p>

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Fabrication of Anodic Oxide Films on In Situ Ti–Nb–Zr Coatings and Mechanisms of Corrosion Resistance and Biocompatibility

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Meng Yang,
  • Chi Pang,
  • Peng Xu,
  • Na Xu,
  • Long Li

摘要

Β-type titanium alloys are highly promising for medical implants, yet their clinical application is limited by surface bio-inertness and poor physiological corrosion stability. Herein, we propose a composite surface modification strategy combining laser cladding and anodic oxidation. Specifically, Ti–35Nb–xZr (x = 5, 10 wt pct) coatings were deposited onto a TC4 substrate, followed by the in situ fabrication of functionalized oxide films via anodization. The results demonstrate that anodization induced the formation of dense, uniform amorphous TiO2 films (415 and 523 nm thick), significantly increasing surface roughness (Ra) from 224 to 562 nm. Electrochemical analyses reveal that the corrosion current density of anodized Ti–35Nb–10Zr (10Zr–AO) decreased by approximately one order of magnitude to 7.473 × 10−8 A/cm2, with a positive corrosion potential shift to − 0.117 V. Furthermore, in vitro assays confirm that the synergy between increased roughness and the oxide layer significantly promoted cell adhesion and growth. After 120 hours, the cell spreading area on anodized Ti–35Nb–5Zr (5Zr–AO) was 2.29 times that of bare TC4, demonstrating markedly enhanced long-term proliferation and viability. These findings underscore the substantial potential of the hybrid laser cladding and anodic oxidation strategy for biomedical applications.