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<p>This study investigates the deformation behavior of Hadfield steel under uniaxial tension and compression using crystal plasticity simulations based on the Visco-plastic Self-Consistent (VPSC) model. Several linearization schemes, including Full Constraints, Affine, Secant, Neff = 10, and Tangent, were evaluated by comparing their stress–strain predictions with experimental results. Among them, the Affine model showed the best agreement with experimental data in uniaxial tension, as a relatively ideal deformation mode. Based on this consistency and the close match between microstructural evolution and the model’s assumptions under tension, the Affine model was selected as the most reliable scheme and applied to compression as well. The observed deviations in the compressive results are attributed to modeling limitations, including the barreling effect, simplified grain orientation updates, uniform grain size assumptions, and the treatment of twin coalescence as new grains. Detailed analysis of deformation mechanisms reveals that twinning dominates during tension, while dislocation slip is initially more active in compression. However, EBSD analysis and simulation results confirm that twinning activity under compression increases significantly with strain, ultimately becoming comparable to that in tension. These findings highlight the path-dependent nature of twinning and affirm the Affine model’s capability to capture the key features of Hadfield steel deformation under both loading paths.</p>

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Investigating the Plastic Deformation in a Hadfield Steel Using Five Viscoplastic Self-consistent Models

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Vahid Ayati,
  • Mohammad Habibi Parsa,
  • Seyed Mahmood Fatemi,
  • Jose Maria Cabrera

摘要

This study investigates the deformation behavior of Hadfield steel under uniaxial tension and compression using crystal plasticity simulations based on the Visco-plastic Self-Consistent (VPSC) model. Several linearization schemes, including Full Constraints, Affine, Secant, Neff = 10, and Tangent, were evaluated by comparing their stress–strain predictions with experimental results. Among them, the Affine model showed the best agreement with experimental data in uniaxial tension, as a relatively ideal deformation mode. Based on this consistency and the close match between microstructural evolution and the model’s assumptions under tension, the Affine model was selected as the most reliable scheme and applied to compression as well. The observed deviations in the compressive results are attributed to modeling limitations, including the barreling effect, simplified grain orientation updates, uniform grain size assumptions, and the treatment of twin coalescence as new grains. Detailed analysis of deformation mechanisms reveals that twinning dominates during tension, while dislocation slip is initially more active in compression. However, EBSD analysis and simulation results confirm that twinning activity under compression increases significantly with strain, ultimately becoming comparable to that in tension. These findings highlight the path-dependent nature of twinning and affirm the Affine model’s capability to capture the key features of Hadfield steel deformation under both loading paths.