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<p>To achieve superior carbide distribution control and mechanical properties in Cr8 cold work die steel (CWDs), this study implemented a systematic homogenization treatment on the as-cast material. Following treatment at 1250&#xa0;°C for 6&#xa0;hours, multiscale analysis (SEM, TEM, EBSD) confirmed the effective decomposition of coarse eutectic carbides, resulting in a refined area fraction of 1.97&#xa0;pct, improved morphology (shape factor <i>K</i> = 0.57), and increased chromium carbide uniformity. The precipitation of needle-like M<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> secondary carbides with a specific orientation relationship to the <i>α</i>-Fe matrix was observed, with first-principles calculations identifying stable C–Fe-terminated interfaces. The homogenized steel achieved a 145.1&#xa0;pct increase in hardness and a 48.4&#xa0;pct improvement in tensile strength, primarily due to solid solution and coherent precipitation strengthening mechanisms. This work provides a foundational framework for enhancing tool steel performance through targeted microstructural control.</p>

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Effect of Homogenization Treatment on Carbides and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast Cr8 Cold Work Die Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Linhao Du,
  • Wei Wang,
  • Deqing Ke,
  • Hang Li,
  • Jialing Fu,
  • Yingjun Pan

摘要

To achieve superior carbide distribution control and mechanical properties in Cr8 cold work die steel (CWDs), this study implemented a systematic homogenization treatment on the as-cast material. Following treatment at 1250 °C for 6 hours, multiscale analysis (SEM, TEM, EBSD) confirmed the effective decomposition of coarse eutectic carbides, resulting in a refined area fraction of 1.97 pct, improved morphology (shape factor K = 0.57), and increased chromium carbide uniformity. The precipitation of needle-like M7C3 secondary carbides with a specific orientation relationship to the α-Fe matrix was observed, with first-principles calculations identifying stable C–Fe-terminated interfaces. The homogenized steel achieved a 145.1 pct increase in hardness and a 48.4 pct improvement in tensile strength, primarily due to solid solution and coherent precipitation strengthening mechanisms. This work provides a foundational framework for enhancing tool steel performance through targeted microstructural control.