<p>Asymmetrical rolling (ASR), an effective processing method for grain refinement, has great potential in improving the superplasticity of materials. 5083 aluminum alloy is a commonly used superplastic material, but the superplastic properties of commercial 5083 aluminum alloy are not ideal. To enhance the superplasticity of commercial 5083 aluminum alloy, an alloy with an average grain size of 7.83&#xa0;<i>μ</i>m was prepared using ASR and annealing processes. The results of high-temperature tensile tests showed that the processed 5083 aluminum alloy exhibited a 400&#xa0;pct elongation at 540&#xa0;°C and a strain rate of 0.001&#xa0;s⁻¹. At this temperature and strain rate, a secondary strain hardening phenomenon was observed during the fracture stage, which manifested as a “C” + secondary hardening-type curve (hardening followed by softening + secondary hardening). This was due to the effect of grain growth and dislocation accumulation hardening being greater than the softening effect from void formation and dynamic recrystallization at large strains. The microstructure and void evolution were studied using EBSD and SEM, revealing that during the initial deformation stage (true strain from 0 to 1.0), the deformation mechanism was coordinated dislocation slip within the grain and grain boundary slip. During the secondary strain hardening stage (true strain from 1.0 to 1.6), the deformation mechanism was coordinated grain boundary slip with void growth. Furthermore, an exponential relationship between the void volume fraction and true strain was established. A lower void growth parameter rate extended the fracture time of the material, resulting in a higher elongation.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>