<p>Metallic cellular metamaterials have attracted widespread attention owing to their light weight, versatility, and unique microstructures. In this study, we fabricated eight types of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structural metamaterials, including Fischer–Koch C(Y), Diamond, F-RD(r), Gyroid, Costa, I-WP, Neovius, and Primitive by selective laser melting with aluminum powder as the starting material. The deformation behaviors and energy absorption capabilities of these metamaterials were evaluated, and the Gibson–Ashby framework was employed to assess the equivalent elastic modulus and yield strength of the as-prepared metamaterials. The results indicated that both truss structure and wall thickness play an important role on the mechanical properties of the samples. Notably, the F-RD(r) cellular metamaterial possessed superior elastic modulus, plateau stress, and energy absorption capacity, and the TPMS-structured metamaterials with thicker walls exhibited better mechanical properties and energy absorption capacities. Our work offers a useful strategy for the design and fabrication of lightweight aluminum-based metamaterials with high mechanical strength.</p>