<p>Non-vacuum electron beam cladding of carbide-forming metals mixed with graphite is frequently used to produce thick, hard, and wear-resistant coatings. The wear resistance of such coatings is provided by a large volume fraction of high-strength carbide particles. However, as the concentration of the carbide in the modified layer increases, the impact toughness of the coated materials invariably decreases. Adding molybdenum to the cladding mixture can enhance the impact toughness of the coatings produced. For this reason, non-vacuum electron beam cladding of powder mixtures containing vanadium (V), graphite (C), and molybdenum (Mo) is a reasonable approach to the formation of materials with a wear-resistant surface layer and impact toughness preserved at a high level. In this study, the amount of molybdenum in the surface layers produced by cladding the V–C–Mo mixture varied from 0.28 to 1.85 wt pct. Microstructural analysis of the cladding layers was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The phase composition was analyzed by X-ray and electron diffraction. Properties of the coatings were evaluated by microhardness tests and friction tests against loose abrasive particles. The influence of the Mo concentration on the impact toughness of the coated materials was evaluated based on the results of Charpy tests. It was found that molybdenum additives allowed for the elimination of brittle components from the structure, such as pearlite and Widmanstätten cementite, and promoted the formation of ultrafine Mo₃C₂ particles. These structural transformations resulted in an insignificant microhardness decrease. Small additions of Mo induced an increase in wear rate; however, at the maximum Mo concentrations, the wear rate was comparable to that of the V–C coating. At the same time, the impact toughness values of the coated materials gradually enhanced with increasing Mo percentage and reached their maximum at 1.85 wt pct Mo.</p>