Axial Shortening Distance of Ti60/TC18 Heterogeneous Alloys by Inertia Friction Welding: Combine FEM Model, Microstructure and Properties
摘要
A combination of experimental and numerical simulation is utilized to investigate the influence of welding parameters on the axial shortening distance of Ti60 (Ti-6Al–3.6Sn–3.6Zr–1.0Ta–0.3Mo–0.4Si–0.4Nd)/TC18 (Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–1Cr–1Fe) heterogeneous alloy inertia friction welded (IFW) joints, as well as the microstructure and properties of the joints at different axial shortening distances. A thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model is established, and a positive correlation is established among upsetting pressure, initial rotation speed and inertness of rotation with the axial shortening distance of the welded joints. When the axial shortening distances are between 8 and 20.5 mm, an increase in axial shortening distance enhances the formation of fine acicular martensitic α′ phases in the welded microstructure. Meanwhile, the “ghost” α precipitate structure appears in the annealed microstructure. Under the synergistic effects of precipitation hardening and dispersion hardening, the tensile strength of the joint ranges from 94 to 110 pct of the matrix, the yield strength of the joint ranges from 92 to 109 pct of the matrix, and the microhardness in the weld zone changes between 372 and 380 HV0.2. In addition, as the axial shortening distances range from 8 to 20.5 mm, the appearance and dimension of the weld/flash edge exhibit high consistency with the established model, the error of simulation is 6 pct. These investigations provide a valuable reference for the production of high-quality Ti60/TC18 IFW joints.