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<p>This study is focused at understanding the direct nucleation and growth of vanadium carbides in ferrite matrix during isothermal carburization of ferritic Fe–4-wt&#xa0;pct V alloy and the way these prior developed carbides in ferrite influences the transformation of ferrite matrix to austenite during carburization and austenite to ferrite/martensite transformation during cooling following the carburization treatment. Initially, the development of VCs occurs within the ferrite matrix maintaining a Baker–Nutting orientation relationship with ferrite matrix. Later the nucleation of austenite occurs in ferrite matrix via the nucleation on ferrite/VC interface while retaining the initial carbide’s structure and morphology unchanged, i.e., austenite simply grows over the existing carbides. Additionally, some VC precipitation occurs simultaneously with austenite development with a rod-type morphology. Such developed fine-grained austenite containing carbides transforms to ferrite upon cooling resulting in submicron-sized ferrite grains with dispersed VCs. The potential of this kind of multistage refinement of matrix grain size while incorporating the finely distributed carbides on developing steels of optimal properties is discussed.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Realizing Enormous Grain Refinement Together with Vanadium Carbides Dispersion After Carburization of Ferritic Fe–4-Wt Pct V Alloy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月23日

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  • Anupama Kashyap,
  • Vishwanadh Bathula,
  • Vishal Singh,
  • Sai Ramudu Meka

摘要

This study is focused at understanding the direct nucleation and growth of vanadium carbides in ferrite matrix during isothermal carburization of ferritic Fe–4-wt pct V alloy and the way these prior developed carbides in ferrite influences the transformation of ferrite matrix to austenite during carburization and austenite to ferrite/martensite transformation during cooling following the carburization treatment. Initially, the development of VCs occurs within the ferrite matrix maintaining a Baker–Nutting orientation relationship with ferrite matrix. Later the nucleation of austenite occurs in ferrite matrix via the nucleation on ferrite/VC interface while retaining the initial carbide’s structure and morphology unchanged, i.e., austenite simply grows over the existing carbides. Additionally, some VC precipitation occurs simultaneously with austenite development with a rod-type morphology. Such developed fine-grained austenite containing carbides transforms to ferrite upon cooling resulting in submicron-sized ferrite grains with dispersed VCs. The potential of this kind of multistage refinement of matrix grain size while incorporating the finely distributed carbides on developing steels of optimal properties is discussed.

Graphical Abstract