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<p>To understand rapid oxidation kinetics during the high frequency induction welding of TRIP690 tubes, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted at temperatures from 1000&#xa0;°C to 1300&#xa0;°C. The resulting oxides were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. TGA analysis revealed that oxidation occurred in two distinct stages. In the initial stage, the rate of weight gain (Δ<i>W</i>) due to oxidation was directly proportional to the square of the oxidation time (Δ<i>W</i> ∝ <i>t</i><sup>2</sup>). In the subsequent stage, the oxidation rate followed a parabolic behavior, where the square of the weight gain (Δ<i>W</i><sup>2</sup>) was proportional to the oxidation time (Δ<i>W</i><sup>2</sup> ∝ <i>t</i>). SEM analysis of the exposed samples shows that the morphology and thickness of the oxide layer are dependent on the exposure time and oxidation temperature. Internal oxidation leads to formation of Al- and Mn-enriched oxide particles during the first stages of oxidation. External oxide layer forms above the internal oxide layer when Al and Mn were consumed by internal oxide islands. Thickness of the external oxide layer increases faster and exhibits a preferential orientation growth in comparison with the internal oxide layer.</p>

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Rapid Oxidation of Advanced High-Strength Steels at Elevated Temperatures—Kinetics and Characterization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月29日

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  • Ahad Shafiee,
  • Faique Al Hussain,
  • Sydney Okoroafor,
  • Daniel Odoh,
  • Elliot Biro

摘要

To understand rapid oxidation kinetics during the high frequency induction welding of TRIP690 tubes, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted at temperatures from 1000 °C to 1300 °C. The resulting oxides were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. TGA analysis revealed that oxidation occurred in two distinct stages. In the initial stage, the rate of weight gain (ΔW) due to oxidation was directly proportional to the square of the oxidation time (ΔW ∝ t2). In the subsequent stage, the oxidation rate followed a parabolic behavior, where the square of the weight gain (ΔW2) was proportional to the oxidation time (ΔW2 ∝ t). SEM analysis of the exposed samples shows that the morphology and thickness of the oxide layer are dependent on the exposure time and oxidation temperature. Internal oxidation leads to formation of Al- and Mn-enriched oxide particles during the first stages of oxidation. External oxide layer forms above the internal oxide layer when Al and Mn were consumed by internal oxide islands. Thickness of the external oxide layer increases faster and exhibits a preferential orientation growth in comparison with the internal oxide layer.