<p>The Hongshiyan large-scale Pb–Zn–Cu deposit is located in the Laojunshan Sn–W–Zn–In polymetallic ore concentration area in the southeastern South China Block. The deposit contains proven reserves of 0.43 Mt Pb + Zn and 18 kt Cu. The layered and stratiform orebodies are mainly hosted within phyllite and marble of the Cambrian Tianpeng Formation. Based on mineral assemblages and petrographic observations, the mineralization is subdivided into three successive stages: early (stage I), main (stage II), and late (stage III). The newly obtained in-situ Pb isotopic compositions of galena (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.154–18.160, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.712–15.718, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.464–38.512) indicate a homogeneous metal reservoir. These data also plot within the Pb isotopic field of the Late Cretaceous Laojunshan granite in the region. The wide range of sphalerite <i>δ</i>⁶⁶Zn values (+ 0.29‰ to + 0.75‰) is predominantly controlled by Rayleigh fractionation during sphalerite precipitation. Rayleigh fractionation modeling yields an initial hydrothermal fluid <i>δ</i>⁶⁶Zn value of + 0.3‰, which is highly consistent with that of the lower continental crust (0.28‰ ± 0.04‰). We therefore propose that the ore-forming materials of the Hongshiyan deposit originate from deep-seated Late Cretaceous granite.</p>