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<p>Soils from karst regions are facing the threat of geogenic cadmium (Cd) enrichment. However, factors influencing the spatial distribution of Cd and its potential risks in karst soils remain poorly understood. This study focused on the effects of lithology on total Cd content in karst soils and its risks to crops. Environmental samples from a typical karst area in southwestern China were collected and analyzed, and Cd in samples from carbonate and clastic regions was systematically compared. The results showed that carbonate rocks exhibited higher Cd concentration (0.50&#xa0;mg/kg) than the clastic rocks (0.14&#xa0;mg/kg). The Cd-rich zones (0.3–1.5&#xa0;mg/kg) are primarily distributed in areas underlain by carbonate rocks, where the mean Cd content (0.87&#xa0;mg/kg) was twice that in soils developed from clastic rocks (0.43&#xa0;mg/kg). Geogenic sources primarily contribute to Cd enrichment in the studied soils, whereas the inputs from irrigation water and atmospheric deposition were minor. Despite higher total Cd content in carbonate-derived soils, the Cd concentrations in maize from both carbonate and clastic regions were comparable, whereas Cd levels in rice from carbonate regions were lower. Collectively, lithology shapes the spatial distribution of Cd in soil, and total soil Cd content was not positively correlated with ecological risks. Therefore, in addition to total Cd content, lithological differences should also be taken into account in regional soil management.</p>

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Influence of lithology on cadmium distribution and potential risks in karst surface soils, southwestern China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Shuangshuang Wei,
  • Chaogui Yang,
  • Qingguang Li,
  • Zengping Ning,
  • Yizhang Liu

摘要

Soils from karst regions are facing the threat of geogenic cadmium (Cd) enrichment. However, factors influencing the spatial distribution of Cd and its potential risks in karst soils remain poorly understood. This study focused on the effects of lithology on total Cd content in karst soils and its risks to crops. Environmental samples from a typical karst area in southwestern China were collected and analyzed, and Cd in samples from carbonate and clastic regions was systematically compared. The results showed that carbonate rocks exhibited higher Cd concentration (0.50 mg/kg) than the clastic rocks (0.14 mg/kg). The Cd-rich zones (0.3–1.5 mg/kg) are primarily distributed in areas underlain by carbonate rocks, where the mean Cd content (0.87 mg/kg) was twice that in soils developed from clastic rocks (0.43 mg/kg). Geogenic sources primarily contribute to Cd enrichment in the studied soils, whereas the inputs from irrigation water and atmospheric deposition were minor. Despite higher total Cd content in carbonate-derived soils, the Cd concentrations in maize from both carbonate and clastic regions were comparable, whereas Cd levels in rice from carbonate regions were lower. Collectively, lithology shapes the spatial distribution of Cd in soil, and total soil Cd content was not positively correlated with ecological risks. Therefore, in addition to total Cd content, lithological differences should also be taken into account in regional soil management.