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<p>Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution is a global environmental issue of significant concern. In southwestern China, soil Cd content is notably influenced by high geochemical background and mining/smelting activities. However, the specific contributions of these Cd sources to Cd enrichment and environmental risks in soils remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the total and bioavailable Cd and other metals in the topsoil and subsoils surrounding Caohai Lake in northwestern Guizhou Province. This research aimed to identify Cd sources, assess pollution characteristics, and evaluate the potential environmental risks. The results revealed that the carbonate bedrock has average Cd content of 0.66&#xa0;mg/kg, confirming a naturally high geochemical background of Cd in the study area. Soil Cd content ranged from 0.14 to 6.69&#xa0;mg/kg, with topsoil exhibiting higher average Cd content (2.29&#xa0;mg/kg) than subsoil (0.71&#xa0;mg/kg). Statistical analyses indicated that Cd in subsoil is primarily of geogenic origin. In contrast, approximately 87% of the total Cd in topsoil originates from atmospheric deposition linked to historical artisanal zinc smelting activities. The study found that Cd in topsoil reaches a moderate pollution level and poses a high potential ecological risk. Furthermore, the proportion of bioavailable Cd (DTPA-extractable) was significantly higher in topsoil (26%) than in subsoil (13%). This elevated Cd bioavailability in topsoil is attributed to atmospheric Cd deposition, lower soil pH, and higher organic matter content. These findings provide critical insights for managing Cd risks in soils from regions with high geochemical backgrounds and smelting activities.</p>

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Sources and environmental risks of cadmium in soils affected by high geochemical background and artisanal zinc smelting activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月9日

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  • Chao Luo,
  • Wangwang Zhou,
  • Yizhang Liu,
  • Jian Long,
  • Zengping Ning,
  • Chengshuai Liu

摘要

Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution is a global environmental issue of significant concern. In southwestern China, soil Cd content is notably influenced by high geochemical background and mining/smelting activities. However, the specific contributions of these Cd sources to Cd enrichment and environmental risks in soils remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the total and bioavailable Cd and other metals in the topsoil and subsoils surrounding Caohai Lake in northwestern Guizhou Province. This research aimed to identify Cd sources, assess pollution characteristics, and evaluate the potential environmental risks. The results revealed that the carbonate bedrock has average Cd content of 0.66 mg/kg, confirming a naturally high geochemical background of Cd in the study area. Soil Cd content ranged from 0.14 to 6.69 mg/kg, with topsoil exhibiting higher average Cd content (2.29 mg/kg) than subsoil (0.71 mg/kg). Statistical analyses indicated that Cd in subsoil is primarily of geogenic origin. In contrast, approximately 87% of the total Cd in topsoil originates from atmospheric deposition linked to historical artisanal zinc smelting activities. The study found that Cd in topsoil reaches a moderate pollution level and poses a high potential ecological risk. Furthermore, the proportion of bioavailable Cd (DTPA-extractable) was significantly higher in topsoil (26%) than in subsoil (13%). This elevated Cd bioavailability in topsoil is attributed to atmospheric Cd deposition, lower soil pH, and higher organic matter content. These findings provide critical insights for managing Cd risks in soils from regions with high geochemical backgrounds and smelting activities.