<p>Biomass-based insulation materials have garnered increasing attention in the context of building energy efficiency due to their excellent thermal insulation properties. A comprehensive review of the subject was conducted, analyzing 269 representative studies from the perspectives of mechanics and thermodynamics. Based on the results of the review and preliminary study, several recommendations are proposed, such as selecting biomass materials with high thermal insulation and mechanical strength and improving performance through pretreatment. Additionally, enhancing the molding process and incorporating additives to improve porosity, strength, water resistance, and fire resistance can help ensure stability and durability. The preparation of biomass insulation materials requires careful consideration of the balance between strength and insulation performance. This research aims to assist scholars in the field by elucidating the key factors that influence the various properties of these materials and the interaction mechanisms between substrates. The aim is to enhance the understanding of the performance of bio-insulations among researchers currently or prospectively engaged in relevant research, while promoting the application and development of bio-insulations in building energy conservation.</p>