<p>The distinctive specific heat capacity of nanofluids presents opportunities for enhancing heat transfer efficiency and plays a pivotal role in the design of nanoscale devices. Existing research often overlooks the influence of particle size and nanostructures on the specific heat capacity of nanofluids. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive survey that encompasses synthesis techniques, measurement methodologies, predictive models, and influential parameters affecting the specific heat capacity of nanofluids. Empirical investigations have consistently shown that the specific heat capacity of nanofluids typically increases with a reduction in particle size, primarily due to surface and size effects. Furthermore, the specific heat capacity of nanofluids is significantly influenced by temperature and concentration. However, due to the complex interplay of surface effects, temperature gradients, and pressure gradients within nanofluids, the specific heat capacity exhibits nonlinear behavior, thereby complicating the research landscape.</p>