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<p>In western coalfields, super-large mining height (SLMH) extraction commonly induces intense overburden deformation and severe roof instability, whereas conventional pillar-based mining leads to substantial resource loss and provides limited insight into fracture evolution under non-pillar conditions. This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution and fractal characteristics of overburden fractures induced by roof cutting and pressure relief (RCPR) non-pillar mining, based on the 11223 working face (WF) of Xiaojihan Colliery. A combined approach integrating physical similarity modeling and numerical simulation within a fractal framework is employed. The results indicate that fracture evolution follows a distinct five-stage process: initial rapid growth, RCPR-induced stabilization, secondary development, intensified propagation near the coal pillar side, and post-mining compaction-driven reduction. Spatially, the roof-cutting side exhibits restricted fracture height and lower fractal dimension, forming a pronounced shielding effect governed by stress blocking and gangue bulking support. In contrast, the pillar side is characterized by dense vertical penetrating fractures and a highly complex fracture network due to stress concentration. Compared with traditional longwall mining, the RCPR-based non-pillar method significantly suppresses the vertical extension of the water-conducting fracture zone (WCFZ) while promoting lateral fracture development. Good agreement between numerical and physical results verifies the reliability of the fracture evolution model. These findings clarify the regulatory mechanism of RCPR on overburden fracture development and provide a theoretical basis for water and gas hazard control in SLMH mining operations.</p>

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Fractal evolution characteristics of overburden fractures in non-pillar mining with super-large mining height

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Daiyu Gao,
  • Yubing Gao,
  • Xingxing Zhang,
  • Sitong Song,
  • Shilong Li,
  • Chuanjiu Zhang,
  • Xuanliang Li

摘要

In western coalfields, super-large mining height (SLMH) extraction commonly induces intense overburden deformation and severe roof instability, whereas conventional pillar-based mining leads to substantial resource loss and provides limited insight into fracture evolution under non-pillar conditions. This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution and fractal characteristics of overburden fractures induced by roof cutting and pressure relief (RCPR) non-pillar mining, based on the 11223 working face (WF) of Xiaojihan Colliery. A combined approach integrating physical similarity modeling and numerical simulation within a fractal framework is employed. The results indicate that fracture evolution follows a distinct five-stage process: initial rapid growth, RCPR-induced stabilization, secondary development, intensified propagation near the coal pillar side, and post-mining compaction-driven reduction. Spatially, the roof-cutting side exhibits restricted fracture height and lower fractal dimension, forming a pronounced shielding effect governed by stress blocking and gangue bulking support. In contrast, the pillar side is characterized by dense vertical penetrating fractures and a highly complex fracture network due to stress concentration. Compared with traditional longwall mining, the RCPR-based non-pillar method significantly suppresses the vertical extension of the water-conducting fracture zone (WCFZ) while promoting lateral fracture development. Good agreement between numerical and physical results verifies the reliability of the fracture evolution model. These findings clarify the regulatory mechanism of RCPR on overburden fracture development and provide a theoretical basis for water and gas hazard control in SLMH mining operations.