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<p>Sustainable agriculture and food security are critical global priorities under escalating climate change pressures. Crop biotechnology, particularly Genetically Modified (GM) crop technology, has enabled the development of disease-resistant, stress-tolerant, and high-yield cultivars, contributing to food security worldwide. Egypt emerged as a regional leader in agricultural biotechnology in the 1990s, establishing genetic engineering facilities and initiating GM crop research. This scoping review systematically maps Egypt’s GM crop research trajectory from 1990 to 2024, analyzing methodological trends, institutional contributions, current standing, and projections. A comprehensive search across five databases identified 1,466 publications, of which 197 met inclusion criteria. GM research output peaked in 2017, with emphasis on strategic crops, such as tomato, wheat, potato, and maize. <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation was the predominant technique, employed in approximately 66% of studies, followed by biolistic methods. Trait introduction constituted the primary research objective, targeting biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, herbicide resistance, followed by quality improvement and biomedical applications. Emerging applications included genome editing <i>via</i> CRISPR/Cas9, reported in four studies on wheat, potato, and chickpea. Despite Egypt’s robust research infrastructure and early adoption of advanced biotechnologies, commercialization remains constrained by regulatory and policy gaps. Harmonized biosafety frameworks and public awareness initiatives are necessary to translate research outputs into agricultural innovation and food security gains.</p>

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Mapping Egypt’s trends and opportunities in GM crop research: a scoping review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Amira K. Mohamed,
  • Amal A. Badr,
  • Walid M. Fouad

摘要

Sustainable agriculture and food security are critical global priorities under escalating climate change pressures. Crop biotechnology, particularly Genetically Modified (GM) crop technology, has enabled the development of disease-resistant, stress-tolerant, and high-yield cultivars, contributing to food security worldwide. Egypt emerged as a regional leader in agricultural biotechnology in the 1990s, establishing genetic engineering facilities and initiating GM crop research. This scoping review systematically maps Egypt’s GM crop research trajectory from 1990 to 2024, analyzing methodological trends, institutional contributions, current standing, and projections. A comprehensive search across five databases identified 1,466 publications, of which 197 met inclusion criteria. GM research output peaked in 2017, with emphasis on strategic crops, such as tomato, wheat, potato, and maize. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was the predominant technique, employed in approximately 66% of studies, followed by biolistic methods. Trait introduction constituted the primary research objective, targeting biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, herbicide resistance, followed by quality improvement and biomedical applications. Emerging applications included genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9, reported in four studies on wheat, potato, and chickpea. Despite Egypt’s robust research infrastructure and early adoption of advanced biotechnologies, commercialization remains constrained by regulatory and policy gaps. Harmonized biosafety frameworks and public awareness initiatives are necessary to translate research outputs into agricultural innovation and food security gains.