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<p><i>Alocasia cuprea</i>, a rare ornamental aroid from Borneo, has high commercial value but is constrained by slow natural propagation. This study presents an integrated <i>in vitro</i> morphogenesis framework, examining the combined effects of explant type, culture system, plant growth regulators, and incubation conditions on callus initiation, proliferation, and regeneration. Morphogenic outcomes were strongly determined by the interaction of medium composition, culture system, and explant type (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). During initiation, corm explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0&#xa0;mg L<sup>⁻1</sup> thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.5&#xa0;mg L<sup>⁻1</sup> 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) under a bilayer system achieved the highest callus formation (74.5%), while shoot-tip explants on solid medium exhibited peak shoot initiation (42%). Dark incubation accelerated callus induction (1.5 wk) and enhanced early shoot-bud formation, highlighting light-sensitive regulatory mechanisms in morphogenesis. During proliferation, medium containing TDZ and BAP (SS5–SS6) favored organogenic callus, shoot formation, and biomass accumulation (up to 7.32&#xa0;g), whereas medium with TDZ and 2,4-D (SS1–SS4) induced friable yellow embryogenic callus with limited growth. In regeneration, 1.0&#xa0;mg L<sup>⁻1</sup> kinetin achieved 100% organogenic callus with robust shoot and root development. Multivariate analyses revealed that medium composition and culture system primarily dictated callus initiation, with organogenic callus positively correlating with shoot formation and multiplication, while embryogenic callus negatively correlated with biomass. These findings demonstrate that coordinated hormonal balance, explant selection, and culture environment can precisely direct morphogenic pathways in <i>A. cuprea</i>. This study not only advances mechanistic understanding of <i>in vitro</i> development in ornamental aroids but also establishes a scalable, efficient protocol suitable for commercial micropropagation and potential industrial application.</p>

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In vitro morphogenesis and efficient propagation of the bornean ornamental plant Alocasia cuprea K. Koch

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月26日

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  • Taufiq Hidayat Rahman Side,
  • Dewi Pramanik,
  • Herni Shintiavira,
  • Megayani Sri Rahayu,
  • Fitri Rachmawati,
  • Dewi Sukma

摘要

Alocasia cuprea, a rare ornamental aroid from Borneo, has high commercial value but is constrained by slow natural propagation. This study presents an integrated in vitro morphogenesis framework, examining the combined effects of explant type, culture system, plant growth regulators, and incubation conditions on callus initiation, proliferation, and regeneration. Morphogenic outcomes were strongly determined by the interaction of medium composition, culture system, and explant type (p < 0.001). During initiation, corm explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mg L⁻1 thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.5 mg L⁻1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) under a bilayer system achieved the highest callus formation (74.5%), while shoot-tip explants on solid medium exhibited peak shoot initiation (42%). Dark incubation accelerated callus induction (1.5 wk) and enhanced early shoot-bud formation, highlighting light-sensitive regulatory mechanisms in morphogenesis. During proliferation, medium containing TDZ and BAP (SS5–SS6) favored organogenic callus, shoot formation, and biomass accumulation (up to 7.32 g), whereas medium with TDZ and 2,4-D (SS1–SS4) induced friable yellow embryogenic callus with limited growth. In regeneration, 1.0 mg L⁻1 kinetin achieved 100% organogenic callus with robust shoot and root development. Multivariate analyses revealed that medium composition and culture system primarily dictated callus initiation, with organogenic callus positively correlating with shoot formation and multiplication, while embryogenic callus negatively correlated with biomass. These findings demonstrate that coordinated hormonal balance, explant selection, and culture environment can precisely direct morphogenic pathways in A. cuprea. This study not only advances mechanistic understanding of in vitro development in ornamental aroids but also establishes a scalable, efficient protocol suitable for commercial micropropagation and potential industrial application.