Axillary bud-driven propagation combined with ex vitro rooting: establishment of an efficient rapid propagation system for parthenocarpic Solanum muricatum
摘要
This study established an efficient micropropagation system for the parthenocarpic Solanum muricatum ‘YL-SC01’ to overcome yield instability caused by temperature sensitivity and inefficient traditional propagation. Stem segments with axillary buds were sterilized with 0.1% HgCl₂ for 12 min (53.33% survival) and cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with plant growth regulators screened through single-factor (1-naphthaleneacetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, kinetin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and two-factor experiments. An L9(34) orthogonal design optimized the proliferation medium with 0.50 mg·L⁻1 6-benzylaminopurine, 1.00 mg·L⁻1 kinetin, and 0.10 mg·L⁻1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, achieving a shoot proliferation of 7.56 via multilevel axillary branching without callus intervention. For root induction, in vitro rooting with 0.5 mg·L⁻1-naphthaleneacetic acid produced vascularized roots with 93.33% transplant survival, while the innovative ex vitro method generated 3 to 5 physical propagules per plant by dividing micro-shoots into 2.5 to 3.0 cm foliar segments, followed by carbendazim disinfection and humidity gradient acclimatization in foam boxes, resulting in 100% survival. The integrated system combines axillary bud proliferation and ex vitro division, eliminating somaclonal variation risks while tripling effective seedling output. This protocol provides a genetically stable and scalable solution for commercial seedling production of parthenocarpic Solanaceae crops.