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<p>Heterozygosity is a challenge in carnation breeding. This study optimized anther culture conditions to obtain a pure line of carnation (<i>Dianthus caryophyllus</i> L.) ‘Francesco,’ whose genome sequence has been released. Uninucleate microspores were observed in flower buds measuring of 20&#xa0;to&#xa0;25&#xa0;mm in length. When phytohormones and their concentrations were examined, 1.0&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup> thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.5&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup> 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) showed the highest efficiency for inducing callus and shoots. Induction was facilitated using a cold pre-treatment for 2 d. The ploidy of regenerated shoots was examined using SSR markers, and ploidy analysis of anther-derived calluses was performed using flow cytometry. Haploids, diploid, and tetraploids can be obtained from an established anther culture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to establish an efficient anther culture system for carnations using the model cultivar ‘Francesco,’ potentially contributing to the rapid breeding of new cultivars.&#xa0;</p>

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Anther-based regeneration of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) for haploid production

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月21日

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  • ZhongJian Li,
  • Merisa Hosotani,
  • Masafumi Yagi,
  • Ryohei Koyama,
  • Yuichi Uno

摘要

Heterozygosity is a challenge in carnation breeding. This study optimized anther culture conditions to obtain a pure line of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) ‘Francesco,’ whose genome sequence has been released. Uninucleate microspores were observed in flower buds measuring of 20 to 25 mm in length. When phytohormones and their concentrations were examined, 1.0 mg L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.5 mg L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) showed the highest efficiency for inducing callus and shoots. Induction was facilitated using a cold pre-treatment for 2 d. The ploidy of regenerated shoots was examined using SSR markers, and ploidy analysis of anther-derived calluses was performed using flow cytometry. Haploids, diploid, and tetraploids can be obtained from an established anther culture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to establish an efficient anther culture system for carnations using the model cultivar ‘Francesco,’ potentially contributing to the rapid breeding of new cultivars.