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Background <p>While glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dual glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor/GIP agonists (GLPs) have revolutionized the treatment of obesity, national data shows Black patients, Hispanic patients, and patients of lower socioeconomic status are less likely to receive anti-obesity medications.</p> Objective <p>To assess the association between Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, and low socioeconomic status on GLP prescription receipt for adults in a university-based staff model health maintenance organization (HMO).</p> Design <p>Cross-sectional study using electronic health record data.</p> Participants <p>Adults (≥ 18&#xa0;years) enrolled in Yale Health with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27&#xa0;kg/m2 with at least one obesity-related condition or BMI ≥ 30&#xa0;kg/m<sup>2</sup> without diabetes.</p> Main Measures <p>The main outcome measure was receipt of a GLP prescription for obesity treatment, including subcutaneous liraglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide. Main independent variables of interest included self-reported race (Asian, Black, White, Other, and Missing), ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic), and area deprivation index (ADI) quintile. Three logistic regression models examined the association of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status on prescription receipt: 1) an unadjusted model, 2) an adjusted model for age, sex, and clinical characteristics, and 3) an adjusted model with socioeconomic status.</p> Key Results <p>Among 6,225 eligible patients, 1,143 (18.3%) were prescribed a GLP. Black patients (21.5%) and Hispanic (23.1%) patients had higher prevalence of prescriptions compared to White patients (17.5%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and non-Hispanic patients (18.1%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). In adjusted models, Black patients (OR = 0.94 [0.78–1.13]) and lowest ADI quintile patients (OR = 0.87 [0.65–1.16]) did not have statistically different odds of receiving a GLP prescription compared to White patients and the highest ADI quintile patients. Hispanic patients had slightly increased adjusted odds of prescription receipt compared to non-Hispanic patients (OR = 1.27 [1.00–1.63]).</p> Conclusions <p>In a university-based staff model HMO, there were no disparities in receipt of GLP prescriptions for obesity across racial, ethnic, or socioeconomic groups.</p>

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Prescribing GLPs for Obesity Treatment for Adults at a University Based Health Maintenance Organization by Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月30日

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  • Alissa S. Chen,
  • Wendy Brunetto,
  • Maureen E. Canavan,
  • Kasia J. Lipska,
  • Elizabeth Richey,
  • Madeline S. Wilson,
  • James Zarro,
  • Joseph S. Ross

摘要

Background

While glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dual glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor/GIP agonists (GLPs) have revolutionized the treatment of obesity, national data shows Black patients, Hispanic patients, and patients of lower socioeconomic status are less likely to receive anti-obesity medications.

Objective

To assess the association between Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, and low socioeconomic status on GLP prescription receipt for adults in a university-based staff model health maintenance organization (HMO).

Design

Cross-sectional study using electronic health record data.

Participants

Adults (≥ 18 years) enrolled in Yale Health with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m2 with at least one obesity-related condition or BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 without diabetes.

Main Measures

The main outcome measure was receipt of a GLP prescription for obesity treatment, including subcutaneous liraglutide, semaglutide, or tirzepatide. Main independent variables of interest included self-reported race (Asian, Black, White, Other, and Missing), ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic), and area deprivation index (ADI) quintile. Three logistic regression models examined the association of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status on prescription receipt: 1) an unadjusted model, 2) an adjusted model for age, sex, and clinical characteristics, and 3) an adjusted model with socioeconomic status.

Key Results

Among 6,225 eligible patients, 1,143 (18.3%) were prescribed a GLP. Black patients (21.5%) and Hispanic (23.1%) patients had higher prevalence of prescriptions compared to White patients (17.5%; p < 0.001) and non-Hispanic patients (18.1%; p < 0.001). In adjusted models, Black patients (OR = 0.94 [0.78–1.13]) and lowest ADI quintile patients (OR = 0.87 [0.65–1.16]) did not have statistically different odds of receiving a GLP prescription compared to White patients and the highest ADI quintile patients. Hispanic patients had slightly increased adjusted odds of prescription receipt compared to non-Hispanic patients (OR = 1.27 [1.00–1.63]).

Conclusions

In a university-based staff model HMO, there were no disparities in receipt of GLP prescriptions for obesity across racial, ethnic, or socioeconomic groups.