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<p>Pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a critical condition that demands rapid and accurate diagnosis, for which computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is widely recognized as the diagnostic gold standard. However, recent advancements in imaging technologies—such as dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), photon-counting CT (PCD-CT), and artificial intelligence (AI)—offer promising enhancements to traditional diagnostic methods. This study reviews past, current and emerging technologies, focusing on their potential to optimize diagnostic accuracy, reduce contrast volumes and radiation doses, and streamline clinical workflows. DECT, with its dual-energy imaging capabilities, enhances image clarity even with lower contrast media volumes, thus reducing patient risk. Meanwhile, PCD-CT has shown potential for dose reduction and superior image resolution, particularly in challenging cases. AI-based tools further augment diagnostic speed and precision by assisting radiologists in image analysis, consequently decreasing workloads and expediting clinical decision-making. Collectively, these innovations hold promise for improved clinical management of PE, enabling not only more accurate diagnoses but also safer, more efficient patient care. Further research is necessary to fully integrate these advancements into routine clinical practice, potentially redefining diagnostic workflows for PE and enhancing patient outcomes.</p>

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Comprehensive review of pulmonary embolism imaging: past, present and future innovations in computed tomography (CT) and other diagnostic techniques

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月28日

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  • Sonia Triggiani,
  • Giuseppe Pellegrino,
  • Sveva Mortellaro,
  • Alessandra Bubba,
  • Carolina Lanza,
  • Serena Carriero,
  • Pierpaolo Biondetti,
  • Salvatore Alessio Angileri,
  • Roberta Fusco,
  • Vincenza Granata,
  • Gianpaolo Carrafiello

摘要

Pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a critical condition that demands rapid and accurate diagnosis, for which computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is widely recognized as the diagnostic gold standard. However, recent advancements in imaging technologies—such as dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), photon-counting CT (PCD-CT), and artificial intelligence (AI)—offer promising enhancements to traditional diagnostic methods. This study reviews past, current and emerging technologies, focusing on their potential to optimize diagnostic accuracy, reduce contrast volumes and radiation doses, and streamline clinical workflows. DECT, with its dual-energy imaging capabilities, enhances image clarity even with lower contrast media volumes, thus reducing patient risk. Meanwhile, PCD-CT has shown potential for dose reduction and superior image resolution, particularly in challenging cases. AI-based tools further augment diagnostic speed and precision by assisting radiologists in image analysis, consequently decreasing workloads and expediting clinical decision-making. Collectively, these innovations hold promise for improved clinical management of PE, enabling not only more accurate diagnoses but also safer, more efficient patient care. Further research is necessary to fully integrate these advancements into routine clinical practice, potentially redefining diagnostic workflows for PE and enhancing patient outcomes.