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<p>Groundwater represents the primary source of freshwater in semiarid regions, where increasing water demand and climate variability require accurate characterization of aquifer systems to ensure sustainable management. This study applies an integrated hydrogeophysical approach combining vertical electrical soundings (VES) and transient electromagnetic (TEM) methods to investigate the Essaïda aquifer system in the Regueb basin, central Tunisia. A total of 20 VES stations and 69 TEM soundings were carried out, allowing maximum investigation depths of up to 300&#xa0;m. The interpretation of resistivity data, calibrated using available borehole information, enabled the identification of four main geoelectrical facies: (i) highly resistive Quaternary sands and gravels with resistivities greater than 100&#xa0;Ω&#xa0;m, (ii) moderately resistive sandy–clayey units forming productive aquifers with resistivity values ranging from 20 to 50&#xa0;Ω&#xa0;m, (iii) intermediate resistivity layers (10–20&#xa0;Ω&#xa0;m) representing clay–sand alternations, and (iv) low resistivity horizons (&lt; 10&#xa0;Ω&#xa0;m) attributed to clay-rich deposits acting as aquitards. The integration of VES, TEM, and borehole data revealed a multilayered aquifer system controlled by structural discontinuities and lateral facies variations. The northwestern part of the study area is characterized by thick permeable formations exceeding 250&#xa0;m, with resistivity values ranging from 10 to 35&#xa0;Ω&#xa0;m, indicating high groundwater potential. In contrast, the southeastern sector, close to Sebkha Mcheguig, is dominated by conductive clayey facies (&lt; 8–10&#xa0;Ω&#xa0;m), suggesting limited groundwater potential and possible salinity effects. The results demonstrate that the combined use of VES and TEM methods significantly improves subsurface characterization by reducing interpretation ambiguity and enhancing aquifer delineation. This integrated hydrogeophysical framework provides reliable guidance for groundwater exploration, optimal well siting to depths of about 250&#xa0;m, and sustainable groundwater management in semiarid environments similar to the Essaïda region.</p>

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Advanced geophysical approach for sustainable groundwater management in semi-arid regions: integrated electrical and electromagnetic analysis of the Essaïda aquifer system, Central Tunisia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Wissal Issaoui,
  • Imen Hamdi Nasr,
  • Semah Khaskhoussi,
  • Sana Bousetta,
  • Mohamed Amine Ben Jemaa,
  • Sana Yaakoubi,
  • Mohamed Hédi Inoubli,
  • Ismael M. Ibraheem

摘要

Groundwater represents the primary source of freshwater in semiarid regions, where increasing water demand and climate variability require accurate characterization of aquifer systems to ensure sustainable management. This study applies an integrated hydrogeophysical approach combining vertical electrical soundings (VES) and transient electromagnetic (TEM) methods to investigate the Essaïda aquifer system in the Regueb basin, central Tunisia. A total of 20 VES stations and 69 TEM soundings were carried out, allowing maximum investigation depths of up to 300 m. The interpretation of resistivity data, calibrated using available borehole information, enabled the identification of four main geoelectrical facies: (i) highly resistive Quaternary sands and gravels with resistivities greater than 100 Ω m, (ii) moderately resistive sandy–clayey units forming productive aquifers with resistivity values ranging from 20 to 50 Ω m, (iii) intermediate resistivity layers (10–20 Ω m) representing clay–sand alternations, and (iv) low resistivity horizons (< 10 Ω m) attributed to clay-rich deposits acting as aquitards. The integration of VES, TEM, and borehole data revealed a multilayered aquifer system controlled by structural discontinuities and lateral facies variations. The northwestern part of the study area is characterized by thick permeable formations exceeding 250 m, with resistivity values ranging from 10 to 35 Ω m, indicating high groundwater potential. In contrast, the southeastern sector, close to Sebkha Mcheguig, is dominated by conductive clayey facies (< 8–10 Ω m), suggesting limited groundwater potential and possible salinity effects. The results demonstrate that the combined use of VES and TEM methods significantly improves subsurface characterization by reducing interpretation ambiguity and enhancing aquifer delineation. This integrated hydrogeophysical framework provides reliable guidance for groundwater exploration, optimal well siting to depths of about 250 m, and sustainable groundwater management in semiarid environments similar to the Essaïda region.