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<p>In this study, the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method was applied to a dataset of 1239 microtremor measurement points to study local site characteristics in the Hanoi urban area. These characteristics were evaluated using the dominant frequency (ƒ<sub>0</sub>) and peak amplitude derived from HVSR curves at each site. The results revealed that flat HVSR curves were observed exclusively in rock outcrop zones. Single-peak HVSR curves occurred in stable plains, while multiple-peak HVSR curves with high frequency (≥ 2&#xa0;Hz) were identified in weathered rock areas surrounding outcrops. In contrast, multiple-peak HVSR curves with low frequency (&lt; 2&#xa0;Hz) were distributed throughout the river basins. The spatial variation of ƒ<sub>0</sub> reflects different resonance behavior for different types of buildings of varying heights in specific geological setting. In low-mountainous and hilly areas with a dominant frequency ƒ<sub>0</sub> ≥ 3.0&#xa0;Hz and shallow deposit thickness <i>D</i> ≤ 20&#xa0;m, low-rise buildings (1–2 floors) are likely to experience resonance. In the high plains, when ƒ<sub>0</sub> ranges from 1.5 to 3.0&#xa0;Hz and <i>D</i> falls between 20 and 70&#xa0;m, the resonance typically aligns with medium-rise civil buildings of 3 to 5 floors. In low plain areas, when ƒ<sub>0</sub> ranges from 1.0 to 1.5&#xa0;Hz and <i>D</i> is between 70 and 90&#xa0;m, resonance can occur with high-rise buildings (6–9 floors), while in river terrace areas, where ƒ<sub>0</sub> is less than 1.0&#xa0;Hz and <i>D</i> exceeds 90&#xa0;m, resonance is linked to super-high-rise buildings (more than 9 floors). Analysis of microtremor data in the frequency domain indicates that oscillations near the dominant peak frequency are predominantly horizontal, resembling SH waves, while oscillations near the trough frequency are primarily vertical, similar to Rayleigh waves. The dominant frequency values identified across Hanoi’s inner city can be directly used for seismic design, risk assessment, and creating strategies to mitigate building damage in the area.</p>

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Determination of local site characteristics in the Hanoi urban area using microtremor data

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Tien-Hung Nguyen,
  • Hong-Phuong Nguyen,
  • Le-Minh Nguyen,
  • Che-Min Lin,
  • Van-Duong Nguyen,
  • Van-Bang Phung,
  • The-Truyen Pham,
  • An-Nguyen Tran,
  • Quang-Khoi Le

摘要

In this study, the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method was applied to a dataset of 1239 microtremor measurement points to study local site characteristics in the Hanoi urban area. These characteristics were evaluated using the dominant frequency (ƒ0) and peak amplitude derived from HVSR curves at each site. The results revealed that flat HVSR curves were observed exclusively in rock outcrop zones. Single-peak HVSR curves occurred in stable plains, while multiple-peak HVSR curves with high frequency (≥ 2 Hz) were identified in weathered rock areas surrounding outcrops. In contrast, multiple-peak HVSR curves with low frequency (< 2 Hz) were distributed throughout the river basins. The spatial variation of ƒ0 reflects different resonance behavior for different types of buildings of varying heights in specific geological setting. In low-mountainous and hilly areas with a dominant frequency ƒ0 ≥ 3.0 Hz and shallow deposit thickness D ≤ 20 m, low-rise buildings (1–2 floors) are likely to experience resonance. In the high plains, when ƒ0 ranges from 1.5 to 3.0 Hz and D falls between 20 and 70 m, the resonance typically aligns with medium-rise civil buildings of 3 to 5 floors. In low plain areas, when ƒ0 ranges from 1.0 to 1.5 Hz and D is between 70 and 90 m, resonance can occur with high-rise buildings (6–9 floors), while in river terrace areas, where ƒ0 is less than 1.0 Hz and D exceeds 90 m, resonance is linked to super-high-rise buildings (more than 9 floors). Analysis of microtremor data in the frequency domain indicates that oscillations near the dominant peak frequency are predominantly horizontal, resembling SH waves, while oscillations near the trough frequency are primarily vertical, similar to Rayleigh waves. The dominant frequency values identified across Hanoi’s inner city can be directly used for seismic design, risk assessment, and creating strategies to mitigate building damage in the area.