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<p>This study investigates the combined effects of hydraulic and soil parameters on scour hole dimensions caused by symmetric crossing water jets impinging on a cohesive bed, using controlled laboratory flume experiments. The examined dimensionless variables include Froude number (<i>Fr</i><sub><i>j</i></sub>), jet crossing angle (<i>α</i><sub><i>c</i></sub>), vertical jet angle (<i>α</i><sub><i>v</i></sub>), relative tailwater depth (<i>T/D</i><sub><i>eq</i></sub>), relative jet distance from the water surface (<i>S/D</i><sub><i>eq</i></sub>), and dimensionless undrained bed cohesion (<i>C</i><sup><i>*</i></sup>). Results indicate that increasing <i>Fr</i><sub><i>j</i></sub> and decreasing <i>C</i><sup>*</sup> elevate scour volume, while larger <i>α</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> reduces erosion by promoting energy dispersion and hole elongation. Enhanced moisture and sand content increase the effective cohesion, thereby mitigating scour. Global sensitivity analysis revealed that <i>α</i><sub><i>c</i></sub>, <i>T/D</i><sub><i>eq</i></sub>, and <i>Fr</i><sub><i>j</i></sub> are the most influential parameters on scour hole volume, respectively. Increasing <i>α</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> and <i>T/D</i><sub><i>eq</i></sub> reduce scour volume by 90% and 73%, respectively, whereas increasing <i>Fr</i><sub><i>j</i></sub> leads to a 62% increase in scour volume. Conversely, <i>α</i><sub><i>v</i></sub> is the least influential parameter, reducing scour volume by an average 15%. A novel nonlinear empirical model was developed to predict relative scour volume (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.94, RMSE = 0.67, MRE = 6%). This model demonstrates a high level of accuracy in predicting scour volume and provides the first integrated analysis of crossing jet hydrodynamics and cohesive bed mechanics for hydraulic structure design.</p>

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Effect of bed cohesion and hydraulic characteristics of symmetric crossing jets on scour volume

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Reza Mirzaee,
  • Sayed-Farhad Mousavi,
  • Khosrow Hosseini

摘要

This study investigates the combined effects of hydraulic and soil parameters on scour hole dimensions caused by symmetric crossing water jets impinging on a cohesive bed, using controlled laboratory flume experiments. The examined dimensionless variables include Froude number (Frj), jet crossing angle (αc), vertical jet angle (αv), relative tailwater depth (T/Deq), relative jet distance from the water surface (S/Deq), and dimensionless undrained bed cohesion (C*). Results indicate that increasing Frj and decreasing C* elevate scour volume, while larger αc reduces erosion by promoting energy dispersion and hole elongation. Enhanced moisture and sand content increase the effective cohesion, thereby mitigating scour. Global sensitivity analysis revealed that αc, T/Deq, and Frj are the most influential parameters on scour hole volume, respectively. Increasing αc and T/Deq reduce scour volume by 90% and 73%, respectively, whereas increasing Frj leads to a 62% increase in scour volume. Conversely, αv is the least influential parameter, reducing scour volume by an average 15%. A novel nonlinear empirical model was developed to predict relative scour volume (R2 = 0.94, RMSE = 0.67, MRE = 6%). This model demonstrates a high level of accuracy in predicting scour volume and provides the first integrated analysis of crossing jet hydrodynamics and cohesive bed mechanics for hydraulic structure design.