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<p>River systems like the Brahmaputra and its tributary Jia Bharali frequently shift course, making valley floors highly dynamic and flood-prone, posing recurring risks to agriculture, infrastructure, human lives, and habitats, and requiring careful monitoring and management each year. This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal morphological changes of the Jia Bharali–Brahmaputra River confluence from 1973 to 2023, focusing on channel dynamics and associated risks. Using multi-date Landsat imagery and GIS techniques, riverine parameters such as sinuosity index (SI), braid index (BI), fluvial corridor width (CW), and lateral channel shifting were quantified. Geoprocessing was done to identify unchanged areas and calculate river erosion and accretion. BI was derived through vectorization, CW from satellite-based spatial analysis, and shifting using the transect method. The SI showed a gradual increase from 1.18 in 1973 to 1.21 in 2023, indicating enhanced meandering of the river over five decades. Fluvial corridor width fluctuated from 2.54&#xa0;km (1973) to 2.14&#xa0;km (2023), with a peak of 3.17&#xa0;km in 1978, showing frequent width fluctuations. The maximum lateral migration width recorded between 2003 and 2023 was 6.6&#xa0;km, averaging 1.8&#xa0;km, predominantly shifting toward the north bank. Geoprocessing revealed notable erosion and accretion patterns, with significant risk to nearby settlements. This study recommends building flood protection structures on the North Bank, away from the area where the river naturally curves and shifts over time, to reduce the risk of flooding and erosion. These findings highlight the need for strategically placed flood protection structures and offer practical insights for disaster mitigation, infrastructure planning, and sustainable river management.</p>

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Assessment of channel morphology and periodic channel shift analysis at the confluence of Jia Bharali and Brahmaputra River

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月5日

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  • Rubita Hazarika,
  • Shehnaj Ahmed Pathan

摘要

River systems like the Brahmaputra and its tributary Jia Bharali frequently shift course, making valley floors highly dynamic and flood-prone, posing recurring risks to agriculture, infrastructure, human lives, and habitats, and requiring careful monitoring and management each year. This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal morphological changes of the Jia Bharali–Brahmaputra River confluence from 1973 to 2023, focusing on channel dynamics and associated risks. Using multi-date Landsat imagery and GIS techniques, riverine parameters such as sinuosity index (SI), braid index (BI), fluvial corridor width (CW), and lateral channel shifting were quantified. Geoprocessing was done to identify unchanged areas and calculate river erosion and accretion. BI was derived through vectorization, CW from satellite-based spatial analysis, and shifting using the transect method. The SI showed a gradual increase from 1.18 in 1973 to 1.21 in 2023, indicating enhanced meandering of the river over five decades. Fluvial corridor width fluctuated from 2.54 km (1973) to 2.14 km (2023), with a peak of 3.17 km in 1978, showing frequent width fluctuations. The maximum lateral migration width recorded between 2003 and 2023 was 6.6 km, averaging 1.8 km, predominantly shifting toward the north bank. Geoprocessing revealed notable erosion and accretion patterns, with significant risk to nearby settlements. This study recommends building flood protection structures on the North Bank, away from the area where the river naturally curves and shifts over time, to reduce the risk of flooding and erosion. These findings highlight the need for strategically placed flood protection structures and offer practical insights for disaster mitigation, infrastructure planning, and sustainable river management.