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<p>Flow battery energy storage (FBES) provide a flexible storage for low-carbon port integrated energy systems (PIES). To improve renewable energy accommodation and overcome the high cost and low utilization of decentralized storage, this paper proposes a shared flow battery energy storage (SFBES) framework for multi-port integrated energy systems. A bi-level collaborative optimization model is developed, where the upper-level optimizes storage power and energy capacities, and the lower-level coordinates renewable generation, quay crane (QC), electric truck (ET), and multi-energy conversion units. The model is reformulated as a single-level MILP using KKT conditions.</p>

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Shared FlowBattery Energy Storage for Low-carbon Multi-port Integrated Energy Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Qingming Wang,
  • Aihong Tang,
  • Hanbing Yang,
  • Aoxu Feng

摘要

Flow battery energy storage (FBES) provide a flexible storage for low-carbon port integrated energy systems (PIES). To improve renewable energy accommodation and overcome the high cost and low utilization of decentralized storage, this paper proposes a shared flow battery energy storage (SFBES) framework for multi-port integrated energy systems. A bi-level collaborative optimization model is developed, where the upper-level optimizes storage power and energy capacities, and the lower-level coordinates renewable generation, quay crane (QC), electric truck (ET), and multi-energy conversion units. The model is reformulated as a single-level MILP using KKT conditions.