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<p>This study employed a microwave-ultrasonic-hydrothermal multifield coupling method to synthesize nano <i>β</i>-Tricalcium phosphate (<i>β</i>-TCP) powder, systematically evaluating the impact of various parameters, including reaction temperature, time, sintering temperature, reactant types and concentrations, and graphene oxide (GO) concentration, on the physicochemical properties of the nano <i>β</i>-TCP powder. The synthesized powder was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The experimental results indicate that the optimal synthesis conditions are achieved with a 0.6 mol/L Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O solution and a 0.4 mol/L (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub> solution at a reaction temperature of 35 °C for 40 minutes, followed by sintering at 720 °C for 2 hours with 1×10<sup>−1</sup>g/L GO. The prepared <i>β</i>-TCP powder exhibits high crystallinity, a pure phase, good dispersibility, no significant aggregation, and uniform particle size of 59.75±12.84 nm. In vitro cytotoxicity tests show excellent biocompatibility and no cytotoxic effects on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) even at concentrations up to 0.8 mg/mL. Furthermore, results from live-dead staining and nuclear membrane staining of cells co-cultured with the material demonstrate that the <i>β</i>-TCP can promote the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs to a certain extent, highlighting its potential as a safe and effective material for bone tissue engineering.</p>

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Influencing Factors Investigation and In vitro Biological Performance Characterization of Nano β-TCP Synthesized via Microwave-ultrasonic-hydrothermal Multifield Coupling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月27日

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  • Jing Luo,
  • Zhi Li,
  • Bowen Zhang,
  • Bo Cheng,
  • Jing Yang,
  • Binbin Li,
  • Xinyu Wang

摘要

This study employed a microwave-ultrasonic-hydrothermal multifield coupling method to synthesize nano β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) powder, systematically evaluating the impact of various parameters, including reaction temperature, time, sintering temperature, reactant types and concentrations, and graphene oxide (GO) concentration, on the physicochemical properties of the nano β-TCP powder. The synthesized powder was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The experimental results indicate that the optimal synthesis conditions are achieved with a 0.6 mol/L Ca(NO3)2·4H2O solution and a 0.4 mol/L (NH4)2HPO4 solution at a reaction temperature of 35 °C for 40 minutes, followed by sintering at 720 °C for 2 hours with 1×10−1g/L GO. The prepared β-TCP powder exhibits high crystallinity, a pure phase, good dispersibility, no significant aggregation, and uniform particle size of 59.75±12.84 nm. In vitro cytotoxicity tests show excellent biocompatibility and no cytotoxic effects on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) even at concentrations up to 0.8 mg/mL. Furthermore, results from live-dead staining and nuclear membrane staining of cells co-cultured with the material demonstrate that the β-TCP can promote the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs to a certain extent, highlighting its potential as a safe and effective material for bone tissue engineering.