<p>Three typical toughening components (<i>i e</i>, emulsion asphalt, waste tire rubber particles, and polyethylene fibers) were employed to prepare self-compacting concrete (SCC). The fracture behaviors of these prepared SCC were investigated through the three-point bending test of notched beams, in which the accompanying acoustics emissions (AE) were also recorded. The test results showed that although incorporating a single toughening component reduced the fracture strengths and fracture toughness of SCC, the combination of multiple toughening components could diminish this negative effect. In addition, introducing toughening components could enhance the fracture energy and ductility index of SCC, with an improvement up to 10 times or more when PE fibers and other toughening components were involved. Based on the results of AE characteristics, SCC exhibited a progressive damage process with mitigated crack propagation after the addition of toughening components. Overall, this study could advance the understanding of the influence mechanisms of toughening components on concrete fracture behavior and further instruct the improvement in the fracture performance of concrete.</p>