<p>A well-known theorem of Baer states that if <i>G</i> is a group and <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G/Z_{n}(G)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is finite, then <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \gamma _{n+1}(G) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is finite. Kurdachenko et al. proved that if <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( G/Z_{n}(G) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a locally finite group of finite exponent, then so is <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \gamma _{n+1}(G) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this article, we extend this theorem to groups <i>G</i> with subgroups <i>A</i> of <i>Aut</i>(<i>G</i>) which contain <i>Inn</i>(<i>G</i>) . Furthermore, some new upper bounds of the exponents of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \gamma _{n+1}(G) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \gamma _{n+1}(G,A) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are presented. Moreover we give a proof for the converse of Baer’s theorem considering groups <i>G</i> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( G/Z_{n}(G,A) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <i>A</i>/<i>Inn</i>(<i>G</i>) are finitely generated or have finite special rank. Finally we conclude that the index of the subgroup <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Z_{n}(G,A)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is bounded by a precisely determined function in terms of the order of <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma _{n+1}(G,A)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>γ</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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On generalizations of Baer’s theorem and its converses

  • Yasaman Taghavi,
  • Saeed Kayvanfar,
  • Mohsen Parvizi

摘要

A well-known theorem of Baer states that if G is a group and \(G/Z_{n}(G)\) G / Z n ( G ) is finite, then \( \gamma _{n+1}(G) \) γ n + 1 ( G ) is finite. Kurdachenko et al. proved that if \( G/Z_{n}(G) \) G / Z n ( G ) is a locally finite group of finite exponent, then so is \( \gamma _{n+1}(G) \) γ n + 1 ( G ) . In this article, we extend this theorem to groups G with subgroups A of Aut(G) which contain Inn(G) . Furthermore, some new upper bounds of the exponents of \( \gamma _{n+1}(G) \) γ n + 1 ( G ) and \( \gamma _{n+1}(G,A) \) γ n + 1 ( G , A ) are presented. Moreover we give a proof for the converse of Baer’s theorem considering groups G such that \( G/Z_{n}(G,A) \) G / Z n ( G , A ) and A/Inn(G) are finitely generated or have finite special rank. Finally we conclude that the index of the subgroup \(Z_{n}(G,A)\) Z n ( G , A ) is bounded by a precisely determined function in terms of the order of \(\gamma _{n+1}(G,A)\) γ n + 1 ( G , A ) .