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<p>The development of sensitive and reliable methods for the detection of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is essential for the early diagnosis and effective management of thyroid-related disorders. In this work, a novel electrochemical immunosensor based on a biocarbon-derived N, P-doped carbon quantum dot-supported gold nanoparticle (Au/NPCQD) hybrid was successfully developed for the sensitive detection of TSH. The NPCQDs were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method using jackfruit peel as a sustainable biomass precursor. Subsequently, Au nanoparticles were deposited in situ to form a highly conductive nanocomposite. The successful formation of the Au/NPCQD hybrid was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) results further revealed a high surface area (~ 318&#xa0;m² g⁻¹) and mesoporous structure, which facilitates efficient electrochemical sensing. The immunosensor was constructed by immobilizing anti-TSH antibodies onto the Au/NPCQD-modified electrode and evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The sensor demonstrated a wide linear detection range of 1–200 µIU mL⁻¹ with excellent linearity (R² = 0.9987) and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.42 µIU mL⁻¹. In addition, the developed immunosensor exhibited excellent selectivity against common interfering species, good repeatability (RSD ~ 1.21%) and reproducibility (RSD ~ 1.67%), as well as satisfactory long-term stability with 82.7% signal retention after 63 days. The enhanced sensing performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of Au nanoparticles and heteroatom-doped carbon quantum dots, which provide efficient electron transfer pathways and strong biomolecule interactions. Overall, the proposed Au/NPCQD-based immunosensor offers a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and highly sensitive platform for TSH detection with promising potential for clinical diagnostic applications.</p>

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Development of a biocarbon-derived N, P-doped carbon quantum dot supported AuNP electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive detection of TSH

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • M. Deepa Lakshmi,
  • S. Praveen Kumar,
  • T. Aravind

摘要

The development of sensitive and reliable methods for the detection of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is essential for the early diagnosis and effective management of thyroid-related disorders. In this work, a novel electrochemical immunosensor based on a biocarbon-derived N, P-doped carbon quantum dot-supported gold nanoparticle (Au/NPCQD) hybrid was successfully developed for the sensitive detection of TSH. The NPCQDs were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method using jackfruit peel as a sustainable biomass precursor. Subsequently, Au nanoparticles were deposited in situ to form a highly conductive nanocomposite. The successful formation of the Au/NPCQD hybrid was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) results further revealed a high surface area (~ 318 m² g⁻¹) and mesoporous structure, which facilitates efficient electrochemical sensing. The immunosensor was constructed by immobilizing anti-TSH antibodies onto the Au/NPCQD-modified electrode and evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The sensor demonstrated a wide linear detection range of 1–200 µIU mL⁻¹ with excellent linearity (R² = 0.9987) and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.42 µIU mL⁻¹. In addition, the developed immunosensor exhibited excellent selectivity against common interfering species, good repeatability (RSD ~ 1.21%) and reproducibility (RSD ~ 1.67%), as well as satisfactory long-term stability with 82.7% signal retention after 63 days. The enhanced sensing performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of Au nanoparticles and heteroatom-doped carbon quantum dots, which provide efficient electron transfer pathways and strong biomolecule interactions. Overall, the proposed Au/NPCQD-based immunosensor offers a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and highly sensitive platform for TSH detection with promising potential for clinical diagnostic applications.