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<p>Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries exhibit a high energy density of 2600&#xa0;W h/kg with sulfur as cathode and lithium metal anodes. The types of solid electrolytes for Li–S batteries include oxide-based electrolytes, sulfide-based electrolytes and composite electrolytes. Garnet-type lithium lanthanum zirconate, Sodium Super Ionic Conductor type oxides are some of the oxide-based electrolytes. They suffer from brittle nature and low ionic conductivity. Lithium phosphorus sulfur chloride (Li₆PS₅Cl) and Lithium germanium phosphorus sulfide (Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂) are well known sulfide-based electrolytes. Their limitations are high sensitivity to moisture which requires careful handling and coating approaches. Composite electrolytes are prepared using polymer matrices such as Polyethylene oxide, Polyvinylidene fluoride and Polyacrylonitrile filled with liquid electrolytes or inorganic materials. They are flexible with enhanced ionic conductivity, stability and an effective interfacial contact with the electrodes. Various strategies overcome the challenges such as large impedance and poor contact with solid electrolytes.</p>

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Powering next-generation lithium-sulfur batteries: role of solid electrolytes in energy density and safety

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • S. Atchaya,
  • Theivasanthi Thirugnanasambandan,
  • Subash C. B. Gopinath

摘要

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries exhibit a high energy density of 2600 W h/kg with sulfur as cathode and lithium metal anodes. The types of solid electrolytes for Li–S batteries include oxide-based electrolytes, sulfide-based electrolytes and composite electrolytes. Garnet-type lithium lanthanum zirconate, Sodium Super Ionic Conductor type oxides are some of the oxide-based electrolytes. They suffer from brittle nature and low ionic conductivity. Lithium phosphorus sulfur chloride (Li₆PS₅Cl) and Lithium germanium phosphorus sulfide (Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂) are well known sulfide-based electrolytes. Their limitations are high sensitivity to moisture which requires careful handling and coating approaches. Composite electrolytes are prepared using polymer matrices such as Polyethylene oxide, Polyvinylidene fluoride and Polyacrylonitrile filled with liquid electrolytes or inorganic materials. They are flexible with enhanced ionic conductivity, stability and an effective interfacial contact with the electrodes. Various strategies overcome the challenges such as large impedance and poor contact with solid electrolytes.