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<p>The MoS₂@TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite was synthesized through an integrated hydrothermal–polymerization technique and evaluated for its bifunctional role in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction. X-ray diffraction results verified the successful construction of a ternary heterostructure, exhibiting well-defined reflections assigned to anatase TiO₂ [(101), (004), (200)], hexagonal MoS₂ [(002), (100)], and the (002) lattice plane of g-C₃N₄ at approximately 27.4°, confirming the coexistence of all phases within the composite. Morphological observations from SEM revealed that nanosized MoS₂/TiO₂ spheres were homogeneously distributed over g-C₃N₄ sheets, resulting in a three-dimensional interconnected network that minimized particle agglomeration and promoted rapid charge migration. When applied as a photoanode in DSSCs, the composite achieved superior photovoltaic efficiency with <i>V</i><sub><i>oc</i></sub> = 0.746 ± 0.02&#xa0;V, <i>J</i><sub><i>sc</i></sub> = 17.01 ± 0.01&#xa0;mA cm⁻², FF = 68.7 ± 0.02, and an overall PCE of 8.8 ± 0.01%, outperforming both pure TiO₂ (5.4 ± 0.03%) and Pt-based electrodes (7.1 ± 0.03%). The photoanode exhibited a significantly longer electron lifetime (54 ms)—about 8–10 times higher than that of TiO₂ (25 ms)—and displayed minimal solution (<i>Rs</i> = 0.86 Ω) and charge-transfer resistance (<i>Rct</i> = 12.3 Ω) compared to pristine TiO₂ (<i>Rs</i> = 1.22 Ω, <i>Rct</i> = 15.6 Ω). Photocatalytic studies further revealed outstanding Cr(VI) reduction efficiencies of 32%, 45%, 66%, and 98% for g-C₃N₄, MoS₂, TiO₂, and the MoS₂@TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ composite, respectively. The enhanced activity is attributed to the synergistic heterojunction architecture that ensures efficient charge separation and extended light utilization, positioning this hybrid as a highly efficient and environmentally sustainable material for solar energy harvesting and pollutant remediation.</p>

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Heterojunction-driven MoS₂@TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites enabling superior solar energy harvesting and Cr(VI) photoreduction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • N. Hemavathy,
  • M. Sukanya,
  • M. Thirunavukkarasu,
  • Shradha Umathe,
  • Komatigunta Nagaraju,
  • S. Kumaran

摘要

The MoS₂@TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite was synthesized through an integrated hydrothermal–polymerization technique and evaluated for its bifunctional role in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction. X-ray diffraction results verified the successful construction of a ternary heterostructure, exhibiting well-defined reflections assigned to anatase TiO₂ [(101), (004), (200)], hexagonal MoS₂ [(002), (100)], and the (002) lattice plane of g-C₃N₄ at approximately 27.4°, confirming the coexistence of all phases within the composite. Morphological observations from SEM revealed that nanosized MoS₂/TiO₂ spheres were homogeneously distributed over g-C₃N₄ sheets, resulting in a three-dimensional interconnected network that minimized particle agglomeration and promoted rapid charge migration. When applied as a photoanode in DSSCs, the composite achieved superior photovoltaic efficiency with Voc = 0.746 ± 0.02 V, Jsc = 17.01 ± 0.01 mA cm⁻², FF = 68.7 ± 0.02, and an overall PCE of 8.8 ± 0.01%, outperforming both pure TiO₂ (5.4 ± 0.03%) and Pt-based electrodes (7.1 ± 0.03%). The photoanode exhibited a significantly longer electron lifetime (54 ms)—about 8–10 times higher than that of TiO₂ (25 ms)—and displayed minimal solution (Rs = 0.86 Ω) and charge-transfer resistance (Rct = 12.3 Ω) compared to pristine TiO₂ (Rs = 1.22 Ω, Rct = 15.6 Ω). Photocatalytic studies further revealed outstanding Cr(VI) reduction efficiencies of 32%, 45%, 66%, and 98% for g-C₃N₄, MoS₂, TiO₂, and the MoS₂@TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ composite, respectively. The enhanced activity is attributed to the synergistic heterojunction architecture that ensures efficient charge separation and extended light utilization, positioning this hybrid as a highly efficient and environmentally sustainable material for solar energy harvesting and pollutant remediation.