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<p>Aluminum anodes with controlled grain structures were engineered through thermomechanical processing (hot rolling) to systematically investigate the impact of grain size on the electrochemical behavior of aluminum-air batteries. The study revealed that an increase in grain size enhanced the corrosion resistance of the aluminum anode. However, the peak power density of the battery decreased from 98.43 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> at a grain size of 50&#xa0;μm to 77.16 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> at 200&#xa0;μm. When the current density is 90&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, the anode with a grain size of 50&#xa0;μm exhibits the highest energy efficiency (31.92%), while the energy efficiency is only 22.99% when the grain size is 200&#xa0;μm. When the current density is 150&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, the energy efficiencies are 23.21% (50&#xa0;μm) and 17.48% (200&#xa0;μm), respectively. Microstructural analysis demonstrated that grain boundaries served as primary pathways for electrolyte diffusion into the anode interior. As grain size increased, the number of grain boundaries per unit area decreased, which reduced ion transport efficiency and ultimately contributed to the deterioration of battery discharge performance.</p>

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Effect of grain structure engineering on electrochemical performance in aluminum-air battery systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Jia Qiao,
  • Yueyang Liu,
  • Yanfang Wang,
  • Fengyang Yu,
  • Yiran Wei,
  • Borui Wang,
  • Sijiang Hu,
  • Aichun Dou,
  • Hongming Wang

摘要

Aluminum anodes with controlled grain structures were engineered through thermomechanical processing (hot rolling) to systematically investigate the impact of grain size on the electrochemical behavior of aluminum-air batteries. The study revealed that an increase in grain size enhanced the corrosion resistance of the aluminum anode. However, the peak power density of the battery decreased from 98.43 mW/cm2 at a grain size of 50 μm to 77.16 mW/cm2 at 200 μm. When the current density is 90 mA/cm2, the anode with a grain size of 50 μm exhibits the highest energy efficiency (31.92%), while the energy efficiency is only 22.99% when the grain size is 200 μm. When the current density is 150 mA/cm2, the energy efficiencies are 23.21% (50 μm) and 17.48% (200 μm), respectively. Microstructural analysis demonstrated that grain boundaries served as primary pathways for electrolyte diffusion into the anode interior. As grain size increased, the number of grain boundaries per unit area decreased, which reduced ion transport efficiency and ultimately contributed to the deterioration of battery discharge performance.