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<p>The development of high-performance electrodes with tailored charge-storage mechanisms remains a key challenge for advancing supercapacitor technology. We report a simple, lemon juice-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of potassium tantalate oxide (KTaO<sub>3</sub>) perovskite nanomaterials as efficient supercapacitor electrodes. Lemon juice offers synergistic, multi-component functionality, unlike citric or ascorbic acid, providing chelation, a supplementary reductant, and polyphenols as in situ capping agents. This composition results in finer nanocrystals with enhanced surface chemistry, evidenced by C1s XPS signatures of phytochemical organic components. Characterization of synthesized KTaO<sub>3</sub> perovskite using XRD, FTIR, FESEM-EDS, HRTEM, XPS, and BET showed a mesoporous pure phase structure (surface area of 26.159&#xa0;m²/g, pore diameter of 12.67&#xa0;nm). Electrochemical testing with a neutral electrolyte (3&#xa0;M KCl) instead of conventional KOH yielded a specific capacitance of 575&#xa0;F/g at 1.5&#xa0;A/g in a 3-electrode configuration. Single electrode energy and power metric derived from these measurements displayed an energy density of 28.75 Wh/kg at a power density of 474.77&#xa0;W/kg, have been reported for benchmarking. Device-level energy and power density evaluation in 2-electrode symmetric/asymmetric cells is an ongoing prospect. The hybrid charge storage capacity was analyzed using a power law (b = 0.5746). It showed 67.8-80.7% capacitive contribution, with ion transfer kinetics involving K<sup>+</sup> intercalation diffusion through perovskite channels, Cl<sup>-</sup> surface adsorption, and Ta-induced surface redox reactions. EIS results fitted to a modified Randles circuit indicated low transfer resistance and efficient ion transport. Cyclic stability tests after 1000 cycles showed a 76% retention, with fading attributed to interfacial and structural changes during prolonged operation. The findings suggest that bio-derived synthesis of KTaO<sub>3</sub> using lemon juice yields electrochemical performance comparable to that of conventional methods. This demonstrates a greener approach to synthesizing KTaO<sub>3</sub> and supports the use of neutral chloride electrolytes as sustainable pathways for supercapacitor development.</p>

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Green synthesis of potassium tantalate oxide perovskite nanomaterial by lemon juice-assisted combustion method for efficient supercapacitor performances

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Uday Shashikumar,
  • Raghuhar Mahadevappa,
  • C. Dhanush,
  • G. S. Nanjundaswamy,
  • A. H. Udaya Kumar,
  • Pei-Chien Tsai,
  • Nagesh Khadri M J,
  • Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy

摘要

The development of high-performance electrodes with tailored charge-storage mechanisms remains a key challenge for advancing supercapacitor technology. We report a simple, lemon juice-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of potassium tantalate oxide (KTaO3) perovskite nanomaterials as efficient supercapacitor electrodes. Lemon juice offers synergistic, multi-component functionality, unlike citric or ascorbic acid, providing chelation, a supplementary reductant, and polyphenols as in situ capping agents. This composition results in finer nanocrystals with enhanced surface chemistry, evidenced by C1s XPS signatures of phytochemical organic components. Characterization of synthesized KTaO3 perovskite using XRD, FTIR, FESEM-EDS, HRTEM, XPS, and BET showed a mesoporous pure phase structure (surface area of 26.159 m²/g, pore diameter of 12.67 nm). Electrochemical testing with a neutral electrolyte (3 M KCl) instead of conventional KOH yielded a specific capacitance of 575 F/g at 1.5 A/g in a 3-electrode configuration. Single electrode energy and power metric derived from these measurements displayed an energy density of 28.75 Wh/kg at a power density of 474.77 W/kg, have been reported for benchmarking. Device-level energy and power density evaluation in 2-electrode symmetric/asymmetric cells is an ongoing prospect. The hybrid charge storage capacity was analyzed using a power law (b = 0.5746). It showed 67.8-80.7% capacitive contribution, with ion transfer kinetics involving K+ intercalation diffusion through perovskite channels, Cl- surface adsorption, and Ta-induced surface redox reactions. EIS results fitted to a modified Randles circuit indicated low transfer resistance and efficient ion transport. Cyclic stability tests after 1000 cycles showed a 76% retention, with fading attributed to interfacial and structural changes during prolonged operation. The findings suggest that bio-derived synthesis of KTaO3 using lemon juice yields electrochemical performance comparable to that of conventional methods. This demonstrates a greener approach to synthesizing KTaO3 and supports the use of neutral chloride electrolytes as sustainable pathways for supercapacitor development.