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<p>In this study, we investigated the synthesis and electrochemical performance of magnesium-ion battery cathode materials derived from forsterite sand, an industrial byproduct. Using a sol-gel method, we synthesized a series of MgFe<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>2-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> cathode materials with varying Fe/Mn ratios (from MgFe<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>1.9</sub>O<sub>4</sub> to MgFeMnO<sub>4)</sub> by extracting metal ions from dissolved forsterite sand. The results show that introducing Fe effectively suppresses polarization and improves the electrochemical stability of the materials. MgFe<sub>0.3</sub>Mn<sub>1.7</sub>O<sub>4</sub> demonstrated the best performance among the synthesized materials. It achieved a maximum capacity of 107.5 mAh·g⁻¹ at 0.2&#xa0;A·g⁻¹ and maintained 77.83% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 0.5&#xa0;A·g⁻¹. The optimal calcination temperature for the precursor was determined to be 550&#xa0;°C. This temperature provided the best balance between crystallinity and electrochemical performance. Aqueous magnesium-ion hybrid batteries assembled using MgFe<sub>0.3</sub>Mn<sub>1.7</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as the cathode and activated carbon as the anode exhibited stable cycling performance. These batteries retained 81.41% of their capacity after 500 cycles. This study proposes a novel approach for converting industrial waste into high-performance battery materials, thereby contributing to the development of sustainable energy storage systems.</p>

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Synthesis and electrochemical performance of MgFexMn2-xO4 magnesium-ion battery cathode materials derived from forsterite sand

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Di Chen,
  • Changxin Li,
  • Yi Sun,
  • Jie Gao,
  • Yanan Zhou,
  • Zhanbin Qin,
  • Ran Tian,
  • Yun Gao

摘要

In this study, we investigated the synthesis and electrochemical performance of magnesium-ion battery cathode materials derived from forsterite sand, an industrial byproduct. Using a sol-gel method, we synthesized a series of MgFexMn2-xO4 cathode materials with varying Fe/Mn ratios (from MgFe0.1Mn1.9O4 to MgFeMnO4) by extracting metal ions from dissolved forsterite sand. The results show that introducing Fe effectively suppresses polarization and improves the electrochemical stability of the materials. MgFe0.3Mn1.7O4 demonstrated the best performance among the synthesized materials. It achieved a maximum capacity of 107.5 mAh·g⁻¹ at 0.2 A·g⁻¹ and maintained 77.83% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 0.5 A·g⁻¹. The optimal calcination temperature for the precursor was determined to be 550 °C. This temperature provided the best balance between crystallinity and electrochemical performance. Aqueous magnesium-ion hybrid batteries assembled using MgFe0.3Mn1.7O4 as the cathode and activated carbon as the anode exhibited stable cycling performance. These batteries retained 81.41% of their capacity after 500 cycles. This study proposes a novel approach for converting industrial waste into high-performance battery materials, thereby contributing to the development of sustainable energy storage systems.