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<p>High-performance lithium-ion batteries play a crucial role across various industries. However, the pursuit of enhanced performance must also consider the inherent risks associated with it. Consequently, an effective battery thermal management system is essential to ensure the safe operation of these batteries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the thermal management of lithium-ion batteries through the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) and liquid cooling systems. The mechanisms of heat generation and thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries are discussed, and various battery thermal management strategies are comprehensively reviewed. This review emphasizes the coupling of PCMs with liquid cooling on their synergy thermal management in recent experimental and numerical studies, and this hybrid cooling can effectively reduce the maximum temperature below 50&#xa0;°C and temperature differences within 5&#xa0;°C. Further, this review investigates the current challenges and solutions from performance and safety perspectives, and special attention is given to the performance optimization of PCMs, interface contact thermal resistance and AI-assisted thermal management system design. This study provides new insights for designing efficient and reliable battery thermal management configurations.</p>

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A comprehensive review on battery thermal management based on phase change material coupled with liquid cooling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Maoyong Zhi,
  • Qinrou Xu,
  • Qiang Sun,
  • Xinhua Zhu,
  • Mingge Zhang,
  • Haihui Zhao

摘要

High-performance lithium-ion batteries play a crucial role across various industries. However, the pursuit of enhanced performance must also consider the inherent risks associated with it. Consequently, an effective battery thermal management system is essential to ensure the safe operation of these batteries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the thermal management of lithium-ion batteries through the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) and liquid cooling systems. The mechanisms of heat generation and thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries are discussed, and various battery thermal management strategies are comprehensively reviewed. This review emphasizes the coupling of PCMs with liquid cooling on their synergy thermal management in recent experimental and numerical studies, and this hybrid cooling can effectively reduce the maximum temperature below 50 °C and temperature differences within 5 °C. Further, this review investigates the current challenges and solutions from performance and safety perspectives, and special attention is given to the performance optimization of PCMs, interface contact thermal resistance and AI-assisted thermal management system design. This study provides new insights for designing efficient and reliable battery thermal management configurations.