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<p>Daptomycin is a clinically important lipopeptide antibiotic widely used in the treatment of severe Gram-positive infections; therefore, the development of sensitive, reliable, and environmentally sustainable analytical methods for its determination is of significant importance. However, electrochemical approaches for daptomycin analysis remain limited, particularly those employing unmodified and environmentally benign electrode surfaces. In this context, the present study aims to develop a simple and effective voltammetric method for the determination of daptomycin using an anodically pretreated boron-doped diamond (APT-BDD) electrode. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on daptomycin determination employing an electrochemically activated BDD surface without any chemical or nanomaterial-based modification. Electrochemical studies revealed a well-defined and irreversible anodic oxidation peak of daptomycin at approximately + 1.05 V <b>(vs. Ag/AgCl electrode)</b>, with no corresponding reduction signal in the reverse scan, indicating an electrochemically irreversible oxidation mechanism. Quantitative measurements carried out in 0.5 M sulfuric acid exhibited a linear response over the concentration range of 0.03–0.38 µM, described by the equation <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathrm I}_{\mathrm p}(\mu\mathrm A)\:=\:0.026\:\pm\:0.019\;\mathrm C\;(\mu\mathrm M)\:+\:1.70\:\pm\:0.055\;(r=\:0.9964)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The method yielded a low limit of detection of 6.79 nM without requiring any surface modification beyond a simple anodic activation step. The applicability of the method was successfully demonstrated in human urine samples using a standard addition approach, yielding an average recovery of 96.14%. Interference studies confirmed the high selectivity and robustness of the proposed method. Overall, the APT-BDD electrode offers a straightforward, sensitive, and sustainable voltammetric platform for the reliable determination of daptomycin in urine sample.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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A voltammetric determination of lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin using an anodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Melek Gündüz,
  • Günay Önal,
  • Abdulkadir Levent

摘要

Daptomycin is a clinically important lipopeptide antibiotic widely used in the treatment of severe Gram-positive infections; therefore, the development of sensitive, reliable, and environmentally sustainable analytical methods for its determination is of significant importance. However, electrochemical approaches for daptomycin analysis remain limited, particularly those employing unmodified and environmentally benign electrode surfaces. In this context, the present study aims to develop a simple and effective voltammetric method for the determination of daptomycin using an anodically pretreated boron-doped diamond (APT-BDD) electrode. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on daptomycin determination employing an electrochemically activated BDD surface without any chemical or nanomaterial-based modification. Electrochemical studies revealed a well-defined and irreversible anodic oxidation peak of daptomycin at approximately + 1.05 V (vs. Ag/AgCl electrode), with no corresponding reduction signal in the reverse scan, indicating an electrochemically irreversible oxidation mechanism. Quantitative measurements carried out in 0.5 M sulfuric acid exhibited a linear response over the concentration range of 0.03–0.38 µM, described by the equation \({\mathrm I}_{\mathrm p}(\mu\mathrm A)\:=\:0.026\:\pm\:0.019\;\mathrm C\;(\mu\mathrm M)\:+\:1.70\:\pm\:0.055\;(r=\:0.9964)\) . The method yielded a low limit of detection of 6.79 nM without requiring any surface modification beyond a simple anodic activation step. The applicability of the method was successfully demonstrated in human urine samples using a standard addition approach, yielding an average recovery of 96.14%. Interference studies confirmed the high selectivity and robustness of the proposed method. Overall, the APT-BDD electrode offers a straightforward, sensitive, and sustainable voltammetric platform for the reliable determination of daptomycin in urine sample.

Graphical abstract